Financial Planning for Community Oriented Policing Services

Rape1 essays

Rape1 essays It was a stormy, pitch black night. A strange man breaks into a womans apartment by sliding open an unlocked window. He threatens the womans life as she kicks and screams with terror. He rapes her, and then leaves. After work a husband comes home and insists that his wife performs oral sex. When she denies him of his request; he tightly grabs her shoulder and pushes her to her knees. He then unzips his pants and forces her to perform oral sex. A couple is out on a date, when the man pulls off to the side of a country road. The couple begins to make out in the back seat of the car. The man proceeds to pull off both his and her pants as she says I dont want to have sex, he ignores what she has said All of these scenarios are considered rape in California. In this paper I will address a feminist perspective of rape, and rape prevention. Rape was viewed, prior to the 20th century, as a crime against the father or husband of the raped women, rather than a crime against the women herself. These women would not be allowed to marry into respectable families, and would often stay single remaining the economic liability of the father. These women would have no value in society; a womens value within society was based on her ability to marry and produce legitimate heirs [Odem, Clay-Warner (1998), p. 36]. Rape was also viewed as the womens fault. Women were considered to be depraved or a fallen woman if she engaged in sexual intercourse before she was married, even if it was against her will. The women was blamed for the mans crime and was socially stigmatized as a result of the attack. There are many stereotypes of rape victims such as: the women asked for it, when a women says no she really means yes, women can resist rape if they want to, a...

Karen Millen - The Fashion brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Karen Millen - The Fashion brand - Essay Example The essay "The Fashion brand" concerns the fashion brand. The company has stores in United Kingdom and other countries. Karen Millen was founded in the year 1981 through the partnership between Kevin Stanford and Karen Millen. The brand continued to expand through acquisitions and partnerships. The company trades from 46 concessions and 84 standalone stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The company has spread to 23 countries and has 16 international stores and 57 franchise stores. The company majors in clothing accessories, shoes and clothing. Karen Millen has encountered stiff competition from major rivals like Reiss and French Connection. The French Connection has developed a strong brand identity through heavy embellished eveningwear and dresses. The target market includes young professional women aged 25-35. French Connection has been increasing the product range to include stylish outwears, shoes and dresses. The company has proved to be a major competitor for the Karen Mil ler brand. Both companies seem to have the same target market, necessitating Karen Miller to have differentiated products. French connection offers competitive products, coupled with intensive advertising and promotion campaigns. The brand has turned to internet marketing as it widens its scope of influence in the fashion market. However, the company needs to carve a niche in the stiff fashion market. Reiss is a fashion brand in the United Kingdom owned by its founder, David Reiss. The brand produces feminine clothing. The company has a strong reputation and was declared fashion retailer of the Year in 2003. Reiss competes from the same target market with French Connection and Karen Miller. A strong reputation is its principle asset. Reiss targets young professional men and women. The brand is offering competitive prices and an effective brand equity program. Brand equity can be developed by building, borrowing or buying it. Buying or borrowing brand equity for Karen miller can be d one successfully through acquisitions. Rebranding is one of the ways of reforming brand equity. In business, rebranding entails creating a new name, symbol and design for an established brand. The aim is to develop a differentiated product in the stakeholders mind frame. Rebranding assists in identifying the product or the company from competitors. According to research, rebranding is changing the name of the company, positioning and targeting. This is meant to attract new meanings to the corporate brand and to inform the stakeholders concerning these meanings (Grose 45). In fashion and clothing industry in the United Kingdom, the rebranding can lead to increased revenues. Rebranding the Karen Miller fashion brand entails the use of integrated marketing communications campaigns to communicate the image and the values of the new brand to all the stakeholders. Rebranding is connected to changing slogans, logos, names or a combination of them. Karen Millen fashion brand is using rebran d to appeal to wider market share and increase the sales revenues. The concept of revolutionary and evolutionary rebranding has been incorporated in the strategic rebranding plan of Karen Millen. Evolutionary branding is the concept of minor developments in brand positioning. These include logo change and slogan. Revolutionary rebranding causes major overhauls and identifiable changes which are essentially meant to redefine Karen Millen brand. Through rebranding,

Effects of divorce on the mother - child relationship Term Paper

Effects of divorce on the mother - child relationship - Term Paper Example However, another striking finding is that it is possible to look at the effect of divorce on a more positive perspective such that mothers may actually develop certain strategies that would help them cope with the present situation, allowing them to experience a better relationship with their children. Introduction With the growing rates of divorce all over the world, it seems that the ceremony of marriage has lost its essence. Celebrities changing spouses almost as frequently as they change clothes become a part of everyday entertainment. In a highly liberated society, it does not come as a surprise when a couple separates even after years of marriage – in fact, it is almost anticipated. Several reasons have been identified, most of which, centered on the desire for freedom. As such, it appears as though freedom has become more valuable than love and stability. Indeed, in this modernized, less conservative world, marriage being a life-long commitment is already passe. However , it seems that many have overlooked the fact that more than just a ceremony, marriage is an institution which serves as a foundation of the family; hence, divorce not only breaks the marital bond but the family as well. The effect of divorce on children has become the focus of attention especially since their social and psychological development, in line with the socio-cultural learning theory of Vygotsky, is determined largely by their relationship with their parents, who serve as guides that shape their identity. When children grow up in the presence of both parents, they acquire traits and develop social skills that would equip them as they interact outside the home. As such, when a parent has to leave after divorce, the foundation is destabilized; thus, affecting the way that children interact with others. Nevertheless, perhaps, the most affected relationship in children’s life after divorce is that with their mother since most often than not, children are left in the cu stody of the mother after the couple separated. For this reason, many studies have been conducted on knowing the effects of divorce in mother-child relationship. These researches explored various facets of the relationship being influenced by the separation. Summary of Related Articles I. Brenner, J & Hyde, J. (2006). Parental divorce and mother-child interaction. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(3), 93-108. The study was conducted due to the predominance of researches which only focused on the negative effects of divorce in the interaction of mother and child, without adequate consideration of the perspectives of both individuals. Brenner & Hyde (2006) attempted to assess the behavior of both mother and child after divorce but unlike other studies on this matter they analyzed using a positive perspective. The previous research that led to their study is that of Gately and Schwebel, whose findings indicate that children of divorced parents actually improve in terms of maturity, c onfidence, empathy and sexual identity. This research gave them the idea that it is possible that divorce may be beneficial to mother-child relationship. Moreover, the researchers also utilize the concept of Vygotsky which serve as the theoretical framework in the analysis of results. The study made use of quasi-experimental design consisting of two groups of subjects: intact and broken families. The subjects consist of one hundred sixty pairs of

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Additionally, the company represents black at many functions and events, for example, BET Awards, Essence Music Festival, and Hoodie Awards. During the beginning of 2011, the company launched advertisements campaigns such as Inspired by color and urban market initiative. These campaigns were calling the people to express their taste and personal styles as exemplified by the features and colors of the new Fiesta launched in 2011. In the campaign, the company selected five black people who appear in the advertisement for the car. The other initiative known as ALL IN, which features videos having Black executives that had played key roles in the revival of the company. The other company is the America Airlines that is associated with the Africa American market. Besides Southwest Airlines, America Airlines has consistently supported Black people in the United States. American Airlines made an agreement with Steve Harvey Show to make advertisements on the radio and the Show official website. In addition, the airline through the social media launched a site known as blackatlas.com dedicated to promoting Black Traveler. The airline company launched a virtual museum. The museum explores all the African-Americans who have worked in the aviation industry from the historical past or the pre-civil rights to the current (Smith, 2006). Ford Motor Company by initiating and supporting the various events such as BET Awards, Essence Music Awards and Hoodie Awards the company succeeded in creating a consumer engagement model that enable them meet their target customers. It also creates awareness of the various products that the business manufactures. Moreover, users can make a clear differentiation of the different motors that Ford Company produced during that period. Additionally, ALL IN an ad successfully engaged their target customers by featuring some of their target clients in their promotions. All these structures have created an efficient

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay It is recognized fact that the complicated and serious environmental and social issues need strict and serious concerns of business and investment societies. Apart of the challenges this provides professionals a golden chance to contribute in solving these issues through their corporate social responsibility policies and make their business or brand well known. The following formal report shows how and why Corporate Social Responsibility is important in a business specially in hospitality industry and how big hotels implement their Corporate Social Responsibility policies in their organisations to achieve their goals and what did they get in result. Many groups of hotels such as Marriott, Lancaster and Apex are implicating different CSR policies, plans and strategies and having positive results. Approximately 275 Marriott hotels and buildings have changed in green hotels and have achieved Energy Star Label from the Environment Protection Agency. On the other hand Lancaster hotel which is holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award has its own green team who investigates and suggests the ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. Olympic 2012 games are going to be held in England, the following report includes how many extra visitors are going to visit UK. Some problems indicated which could be faced by hospitality industry and report includes some suggestions for these problems. Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing promise by organisation to act graciously and provide to the economic expansion while improving the quality of life of the employees and their families as well as of the local society(www.mallenbaker.net) According to Andriof and Mclntosh (2001) Corporate Social responsibility is that an organisation does has some flow-on effect either outside or inside the organisation, from employees and customers to communities and the environment. They argue that these impacts have ripple effect on society that can be divided into three categories. These are: Social Education, social issues and employee volunteering etc. Economic Jobs, product value and trading standards etc. Environment Emissions and waste control, energy use, product recycling and sustainability progress etc. IMPORTANCE OF CSR IN BUSINESS Now a days businesses specially hospitality industry is emphasizing on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in business. CSR is not only about doing good things, it also proposes business benefits and the best way to have attraction of media, publicity, respect in society and in its customers and customers not only want to go to respected business, they persist on it. This way on one side companies are doing good things to the community and customers and on the other hand increasing their business. These are some reasons organisations pay attention on their CSR policies and always try to improve them. BENEFITS OF CSR IN BUSINESS There are many benefits of CSR in business, some of them are Social Engagement with the local community and authorities Good reputation of business Globalization Economic If an organisation has good reputation it is easy to recruit people Less turnover because of good reputation can decrease cost of recruitment Workers are more productive Good publicity in media could be the cause of rise in profit Environmental Friendly and green environment Energy saving Waste control Recycling THE ROLE OF CSR IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The increasing pressure in the media, from government and customers for more actions on the environment is forcing increasing hospitality industry to implement new strategies, plans and environmentally friendly policies. Many hotels are adopting new technologies to reduce their wastes, recycling procedures and saving energy by acting on environment policy. For example. Lancaster hotel (holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award) has its own green team who calculate everything hotel is doing and advise ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Lancaster hotel is using energy saving bulbs in their rooms to save energy and when a guest comes in room they have a message on TV that how we are working with green environment and how you can help. They collect different wastes separately such as bottles, papers and cardboard which helps to recycle waste easily. By doing so they have saved 7000 pounds this year against their landfill cost (www.bighospitality.co.uk). According to the Paul Sault Apex Hotels group director of revenue and commercial strategy, the paybacks of the environment and waste policies are not only restricted to the cost, we have also developed encouraging relations with customers, suppliers and the local society. (http://www.hotel-industry.co.uk) On the smaller level, many hotels in the UK have already agreed to use beginning green actions such as, most of the hotels are using now card key switches for air conditioning and electricity, linen cards for sheets and reusing towels, making sure that energy bills are much reduced.( www.hotel-industry.co.uk) For helping local community and other communities Lancaster hotel has got almost half of its guests support. New strategies of the management was they added  £1 donation with every guests invoice and at the end hotel raised  £2,443. They donated this money for charity purposes. To boost the knowledge of the hotels green policies between staff, guests and suppliers hotel raised  £500 in another fund raising effort, and donated in the green project called Lets Go, Lets Grow (www.bighospitality.co.uk) On the other hand it is really hard to tell whether hotel is actually green or not. Marriott is trying hard to be in the front row of hotels for the attention of green travel in the world. By comparing itself with other brands such as Hilton and Wyndham Marriott set out many new steps, organisation can act on specifically in five key areas: water, waste, green building, supply chain, helping protect the rainforest and guest and employee engagement. One of the programs Marriott has launched is Green Your Stay in which they offer every guest who book with them $10 for minimum stay or $1 for each day for carbon produced during their stay. Another plan of Marriott to act on is green hotels and buildings. Approximately 275 hotels have already achieved Energy Star label from the Environment Protection Agency.( www.earthandindustry.com) RECYCLING CSR STRATEGY Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. By doing so McDonalds estimated that it can save per year 1,675 tons of carbon which is equal to removing 2,424 cars from the UK roads.( www.caterersearch.com) If all restaurants start following this procedure and send extra diesel to the fields for tractors they can help a lot to the environment to go green and can save thousands of tons of carbon every year. This procedure almost cost nothing if we compare to the benefits. Already many hotels and restaurants have started this recycling procedure and helping society and saving their cost for disposing the oil. Cost Recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel cost is almost nothing if we compare with benefits. For average restaurants Bio Diesel Processor is available only for  £315 in the UK and it can generate 160 liter oil per day with very little effort.(www.yorkshiregreenfuels.co.uk) Benefits This recycling procedure has many benefits such as, if restaurants start recycling cooking oil rather than disposing into the sewerage system they will help to decrease pollution from the environment. It will help to generate their own oil and will increase their profit They will not have to pay for their recycling oil Save energy and recourses Decrease of pollution HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY AND OLYMPIC 2012 GAMES What hospitality industry going to do for Olympic 2012 Games? UK going to be one of the busiest countries of the world in 2012 because of Olympic games. 500,000 extra visitors are expected 27,500 media and broadcasters 14,700 athletes will visit the UK and 18 million meals are expected to be served . These extra visitors are going to boost UK economy but is UK ready to take this challenge? The 2012 Olympic games give employers an exclusive chance for encouraging their personnel to volunteer and have concerned in maintaining sports and events in their communities. Chief executive of volunteering England, Justin Davis Smith says that I would urge to all employers to get involved in 2012 games by sustaining their staff in volunteering it will be a massive one off the national carnival. (www.volunteering.org.uk) As hundreds of thousands of visitors are coming to UK there will be a problem for their accommodation and hotels will need more staff for busy timings. So this plan for volunteering new staff could be helpful for their business. It will help them in many ways such as on one side it is good thing to do on other side it will help employees to develop their new skills and improve their motivation and mainly it can be helpful when economic atmosphere is miserable for some people and they are helping their local community by creating more volunteering vacancies. This is one of the good examples of corporate social responsibility for 2012 Olympic Games. (www.volunteering.org.uk) IS HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY READY FOR OLYMPIC 2012? SUGGESTIONS As mentioned above in 2012 Olympic Games 500,000 extra visitors are expected in the UK with 14,700 athletes and 27,500 from all over the world. The main problem will be accommodation for that number of visitors in one year. Some people prefer to stay in big luxurious hotels and some cannot afford to stay in that hotels and they stay in guest houses. There could be shortage of guest houses in the surrounding area of Olympic Village and it could be difficult in future. Big hotel organisations should invest and help small hotels and guest houses for that situation and they should open some new small hotels and guest houses in the surrounding areas. This will help hotel community to share their profit and deal with the busiest situation and that could be profitable for big hotels as well. By doing so they can earn profit as well as helping their community. As we know people are coming from different places of the world and they speak different languages, probably they will not be very good in English language. Hotels can play vital role in this situation by providing their guests travel books and other informative recourses in different languages. Big hotels also should higher some translators for that situation to assist their guests. In this case they will help society and their customers and they can attract more customers by providing these facilities. Another problem could be food problem, mentioned above 18 million meals are due to be served by FB. Big restaurants need to higher chefs from different origins who know how to make different kind of food according to different countries for their customers comfort. CONCLUSION Corporate Social Responsibility plays a key role in business. People are becoming more aware of the environmental issues and they prefer to be customers of eco-friendly businesses, therefore CSR has become a need for any business. Hotels are trying to be in the first row of the green travel in the world, for example, Marriott and other big groups of hotels such as Apex and Lancaster hotels are also implementing CSR policies in their organisations to be the part of green environment. This way they have increased their profits and helped to create eco-friendly environment. Hotels and restaurants need to adopt new CSR policies as McDonalds is recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel and driving its vehicles on this oil and Lancaster hotel is collecting donations and donating them in different charity organisations. England has won the tender of Olympic 2012 Games with CSR and now it is responsibility and challenge for big industries (hospitality industry) that how they implement their CSR policies in 2012 Games. Hospitality industry is going to face many challenges which are mentioned above such as, accommodation, different languages and variety of different meals and they need to prepare for these challenges.

Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream is An Elizabethan Era Play with a

An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist William Shakespeare wrote the play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, sometime in the 1590's. The play, a romantic comedy, portrays the adventures of four young lovers, an amateur actor's group, their interactions with a Duke and Duchess, and with fairies in a moonlit forest. Although Shakespeare used certain themes in this play to portray Greek aspects, the reflection of Elizabethan England is dominant in several different ways. Shakespeare's use of fairies, the way women are treated, and the use of a class system in this play are all perfect examples of how very Elizabethan this beloved tale actually is. The Elizabethan era was approximately 1558-1603. During this period of time, the idolization of fairies was very popular. This is evident in A Midsummer Night?s Dream. Shakespeare introduces to his readers a group of fairies that delights everyone with their heartwarming antics. These enchanting and mischievous fairies are a product of the times that Shakespeare grew up in. The fairies that the people of the Eliz... Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream is An Elizabethan Era Play with a An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist William Shakespeare wrote the play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, sometime in the 1590's. The play, a romantic comedy, portrays the adventures of four young lovers, an amateur actor's group, their interactions with a Duke and Duchess, and with fairies in a moonlit forest. Although Shakespeare used certain themes in this play to portray Greek aspects, the reflection of Elizabethan England is dominant in several different ways. Shakespeare's use of fairies, the way women are treated, and the use of a class system in this play are all perfect examples of how very Elizabethan this beloved tale actually is. The Elizabethan era was approximately 1558-1603. During this period of time, the idolization of fairies was very popular. This is evident in A Midsummer Night?s Dream. Shakespeare introduces to his readers a group of fairies that delights everyone with their heartwarming antics. These enchanting and mischievous fairies are a product of the times that Shakespeare grew up in. The fairies that the people of the Eliz...

Elizabeth Visits GPC’s French Subsidiary Essay

Background: The case ‘Elizabeth Visits GPC’s French Subsidiary’ is about Elizabeth Moreno who is a key specialist within GPC. She is travelling from the subsidiary in the Philippines to visit another located in France. The text is about the cultural differences between different countries and people and shows how companies deal with it. GPC has subsidiaries around the world. Despite all technological advances, face-to-face meetings and on site consolations are used widely. France in particular have regular visits from GPC execs and scientists. The case study highlights the challenges that Elizabeth Moreno got communicating with the French subsidiary manager. To prepare dealing with cross-cultural issues, the company’s human research management department gives courses to prepare for foreign assignments. For Elizabeth this contrast is even bigger as she just leaved the Philippines. The text shows that the different language is not the only thing to worry about. There ar e different challenges in every country. Also miscommunication is much more likely to occur among people from different countries or backgrounds than among those from similar backgrounds. Even in the communication style differences can be found. Question 1: Drawing from your understanding of verbal and nonverbal communication patterns from this chapter, explain what Elizabeth Moreno can do to establish her position in front of French managers. How can she get them to help her accomplish her assignment in five days? French managers work quite different than others. They regard authority as residing in the person, so employees respect the position and not the person. French managers have a different relation to their superiors and they do not value the same working ability in a company. In fact they do not even try to learn something about their employees personal lives and their real personality, they even want to be less personal in their working environment. In difference to America French do not try to create a relationship to each other at their workplace. They differentiate between work and private live and do not want to mix it together. In order to establish her position in front of the French managers and with her knowledge about their culture Elizabeth has to adopt her managing strategy to be really efficient. She has to think in the French way. In contrast to America it is not very useful to try to become friends with the French managers and employees. They have to respect her position and not her as a person. In order to get authority she has to act like the superior. Question 2: What should Elizabeth know about high-context versus low-context cultures in Europe? How can this knowledge help her be successful there? Elizabeth needs to know the differences between high-context and low-context cultures when dealing with European countries. It shows the communication between different working and thinking styles. Low-context culture means that everything that is need to understand has to be said. When talking to a low-context cultural you have to speak and write as clearly as possible. The communication needs to be much more explicit and straight to the point whereas a high-context culture is a culture where words and word choices are very important because they can communicate a very specific and complex message. The knowledge about these two very different communication styles can be very useful in doing business or communicating with people from different cultures. For Elizabeth it might be easy to communicate with the French managers as they are both from a low-context country. (International Management, Pearson, Seventh Edition, p. 136) However, Elizabeth should be very careful when addressing to French employees. Too much information leads people to feel they are being talked down; too much little information can mystify them or make them feel left out. She has to use right words by thinking about what they could interpret what she is saying. Because after all, these two are different countries with a different cultural background, even though they are both low-context countries. Question 3: What should Elizabeth include in her report, and what should be the manner in which it is communicated, so that future executives and scientists avoid communications pitfalls? Elizabeth should include in her report how to deal with French employees explaining how they view authority and they have only a business relation. French managers are also very proud of their thinking ability, they think they got a higher knowledge and deal in a different way with problems. In their eyes they solve them by using their brainpower and not their education. She also has to mention that France is a low-context culture, which is similar to America. When explained the main differences between the two business cultures she should focus on explaining the do’s and don’ts in communicating and acting with the French employees. Question 4: How can technical language differ from everyday language in corporate communications? Explain. Technical language is very different from the every day language and might in some cases be more effective, because it is more precise and easier to understand as there are no two ways in interpreting. For companies communication problems might be very expensive and that’s why they try to be as effective in their language as possible. An universal language is easier to understand around the world so most companies concentrate on a very technical language especially when dealing with people from another country or another culture.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts A patronymic surname translating to son of Robert, from the Welsh given name Robert, meaning bright fame. The surname is derived from the Germanic elements hrod meaning fame and beraht meaning bright. The origin of the name Roberts is  Welsh and  German and is the 45th most popular surname in the United States as well as the sixth most common surname in Wales. Quick Facts The nickname for Robert is typically Bob or Bobby while the feminine form is often Roberta or Bobbi.The Normans historically introduced the surname Roberts to Britain allowing it to be popular in places like England, Wales and Ireland.Roberts can also be attributed to the Italian root connected to Rupert and is connected to Flanders by the names Rops and Rubbens.The popular fictional character and childrens toy doll, Barbie, is also known by her full name as Barbara Millicent Roberts. Alternate Surname Spellings RobertRobartsRobinsRobartRopartzRobbertsRopertRuppert Famous People Julia Roberts:  American actress popular for films Pretty Woman, Steel Magnolias, and Erin Brockovich. She is one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood.Rick Ross:  His real name is William Leonard Roberts II. Rick Ross is a rapper and label boss who was first signed to P. Diddys Ciroc Entertainment.Doris Roberts:  Famous television actress known for her role in the popular series Everbody Loves Raymond. She had also been on Desperate Housewives, Greys Anatomy and other TV shows. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Roberts Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Roberts surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Roberts query.FamilySearch - Roberts GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Roberts surname and its variations.Roberts Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Roberts surname.Cousin Connect - Roberts Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Roberts, and sign up for free notification when new Roberts queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Roberts Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Roberts. Check out the resource First Name Meanings to discover the meaning of a given name.  Suggest a surname  be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins if you are unable to find your last name listed. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Free Essays on How Napoleon Revolutionized The French Education System

The educational system of the Revolutionary period needed reform. Clergy and nobility called for improvements in the educational system to be made. When thinking of the problems of the 1789 educational system, being considered were â€Å"the duties and prerogatives of the state, the rights of parents, the potential benefits of higher education, the economic needs of the nation, the necessity for training teachers, and the suitable status of the teaching profession in a republic.† (Vignery 21) A decree was passed in 1794 that named training teachers the top educational priority. With an emphasis now being placed on schooling, curriculums were changed. The Paris Normal school plan of study included â€Å"republican morality and public and private virtues, as well as the techniques of teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, practical geometry, French history and grammar.† (Bernard 154) Public secondary schools were established for every 300,000 people. These were the ecole centrals, or central schools. The secondary school curriculum included literature, language, science, and arts. A decree had been established that: †¦the age-range of the pupils will be from eleven or twelve to seventeen or eighteen†¦every school is to have one professor of each of the following subjects: mathematics; experimental physics and chemistry; natural history; scientific methods and psychology; political economy and legislation; the philosophic history of peoples; hygiene; arts and crafts; general grammar; belles letters; ancient languages; the modern languages most appropriate to the locality of the school; painting and drawing. The teaching throughout will be in French. Every month there is to be a public lecture dealing with the latest advances in science and the useful arts. Every central school is to have attached to it a public library, a garden and a natural history collection, as well as a collection of scientific apparatus and of machines... Free Essays on How Napoleon Revolutionized The French Education System Free Essays on How Napoleon Revolutionized The French Education System The educational system of the Revolutionary period needed reform. Clergy and nobility called for improvements in the educational system to be made. When thinking of the problems of the 1789 educational system, being considered were â€Å"the duties and prerogatives of the state, the rights of parents, the potential benefits of higher education, the economic needs of the nation, the necessity for training teachers, and the suitable status of the teaching profession in a republic.† (Vignery 21) A decree was passed in 1794 that named training teachers the top educational priority. With an emphasis now being placed on schooling, curriculums were changed. The Paris Normal school plan of study included â€Å"republican morality and public and private virtues, as well as the techniques of teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, practical geometry, French history and grammar.† (Bernard 154) Public secondary schools were established for every 300,000 people. These were the ecole centrals, or central schools. The secondary school curriculum included literature, language, science, and arts. A decree had been established that: †¦the age-range of the pupils will be from eleven or twelve to seventeen or eighteen†¦every school is to have one professor of each of the following subjects: mathematics; experimental physics and chemistry; natural history; scientific methods and psychology; political economy and legislation; the philosophic history of peoples; hygiene; arts and crafts; general grammar; belles letters; ancient languages; the modern languages most appropriate to the locality of the school; painting and drawing. The teaching throughout will be in French. Every month there is to be a public lecture dealing with the latest advances in science and the useful arts. Every central school is to have attached to it a public library, a garden and a natural history collection, as well as a collection of scientific apparatus and of machines...

What is community organizing what do community organzers do Essay

What is community organizing what do community organzers do - Essay Example This was the start of Alinsky’s endeavor into community organizing as we know it today. Later on, he became the catalyst for other community organizations that involved large African-American communities in the ensuing decades. The extent of the people’s participation was greatly exemplified through his initiative which became the guiding rule for community organizing. The term community organizing itself came from the budding growth of social activism which ignited in the United States after the Second World War It consists of a membership organization which usually includes churches, labor unions, individuals and so on. They then as a whole engage in a consensual campaign which aims to promote particular concerns such as that of health, education, environment etc. the triumph of these organizations include proofs that can be seen in federal actions taken towards the implementation of their causes which includes as a great example the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which was a program of the Great Society. This was a feat unto itself which propelled the country into being what it is at the present time in history and how it views its population. Alinsky’s Industrial Areas Foundation (IAS) is among the roster of these early community organizations. His model for community organizing became the basis for alternatives to ease racial tension and consequent riots. Communities took it upon themselves to call IAS and help them with the conflicts that are taking place in their territories. Alinsky was also known for satirically accusing Eastman Kodak of the contribution to race relation in creating the colored film (Sen, p.45). 1. The organizer and community leader’s role is to reflect a distinct organizational model with local volunteer leaders and professional staff. Behind the scenes, the organizer works to recruit, coordinate, take notes, research and ‘buy donuts.’ In its most basic form, the leader builds power to attain his

To what extent is it fair to characterise delegated legislation as a Essay

To what extent is it fair to characterise delegated legislation as a practical necessity that undermines important constitutional principles - Essay Example This paper first gives a quick rundown on the constitution of the United Kingdom and the place of delegated legislation in it vis-à  -vis the concepts of separation of powers and parliamentary sovereignty. Only then will it start exploring delegated legislation beginning with its definition, its rationale, its types and controls, when it is considered invalid, and finally its advantages. Next would be the problems associated with delegated legislation, particularly its relevance to Montesquieu’s theory; and its disadvantages as legislation. Another section on its being a practical necessity would follow, and then a conclusion. Towards the end, the paper will make a stand and show that while delegated legislation may be a practical necessity that may undermine important constitutional principles, the extent will only be when proper checks and balances are provided. The constitution of the United Kingdom is an amalgam of statute law, precedent, and tradition dating as far back to the time of King Henry I in the 1100s.1 Uncodified, UK’s constitution is said to have been historically guided by certain conventions like a system of checks and balances which protect citizens against the abuse of executive power, respect for the liberties of the individual, and trust in the political process.2 Over the years, constitutional conventions have been considered more important than written constitutional provisions in interpreting one’s task with the uncodified constitution 3 The informal nature of the UK constitution may be said to inherently welcome the lack of constitutionalism concept. The executive is drawn from the legislature, Parliament, since the UK has a Parliamentary system of government.4 Because the government is â€Å"fused" with Parliament, governments have no formal control on their legislative power. In 1976, in fact, the phrase