Philosophical Prepositions by Fichte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophical Prepositions by Fichte - Essay Example 1963). Clearly, his prepositions are the basis of life. They  help  human beings to make decisions even the scientists who only believe in facts that can be proved. One of the prepositions is the ego as an aspect of identity. It indicates the  originality  of the human nature. Fichte argues that the ego is what comes first in decision-making. It controls the choices made by human beings in their daily life. This preposition is  significant  in that it brings out the  aspect  of individuality. Human beings need to be themselves. They need to make decisions in all categories of life rather than waiting for people to do it for them. Fichte says that this preposition dominates the whole being of a man. However, the decisions made by the  person  usually have effects in the future. Fichte asserts that there must be  conscious  when making choices (Copleston, F. 1963). This means ego is not the only factor that drives human being. In other words, there are some dang ers related to the use of ego in decision-making. Experience  is needed  in making a  choice  rather than emotions. If one has  absolute  ego, it  is argued  that he might make decisions that he will regret in the future. There must be a balance between the ego and the conscious part of the human mind. It clearly comes out from the above  rational  discussion  that, there is the interconnectedness between the ego and other things. The things that we are talking about are the second and third prepositions as proposed by Fichte (Copleston, F. 1963). If there is a need to  control  the ego, then what should  control  it? According to Fichte, non-ego is the controlling  factor  of ego. This is the second preposition. It walks in the opposite direction of the ego. One has certainly to be able to  strike  the  balance  in life. This applies to all categories of life. The essence of this is that the ego and the non-ego must cancel each other for th e balance to be made. It thus, an integral feature of the human mind in controlling emotions. Some people have too much ego such that seeing the obvious sense is a problem. They always want to  impose  themselves. They want their  identity  to  reign. In this light, they tend to make wrong decisions that  put  them into problems. They  act  so weirdly in situations they  are supposed  to  act  otherwise. Such people are not  rationale  and therefore cannot be the best leaders. They  are controlled  by their emotions and are always  dictatorial. This is  advantageous  to  know  so that people do not make mistakes in voting in leaders who will be part of the problems rather than solutions. Once the ego and the non-ego cancel, the only possible thing that should exist is the  conscious. This is because; its absence  will be rendered  useless. What he decides thereafter may as well not be of importance to his life. There must be another thing to bring about the rationality. The ‘I’, which is the third preposition, plays a crucial role between the ego and the non-ego. It ensures the viability of the conscious when the first two prepositions cancel. As Fichte says, it is particularly significant to the decision made. Ego is  profitable, but the  absolute  ego could pose some problems. The non-ego, on the other hand, is also  valuable. However, if it dominates it renders the whole  process  useless. That is why a mediator must be employed. This brings out the validity of the

Organizational Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Organizational Performance Management Essay Healthcare organizations have differences and similarities across the board. Some healthcare institutions are faith based and will not allow for some procedures. Others provide small procedures and vaccinations. Some healthcare facilities are for profit and others are non-profit. While other health care providers only take certain types of insurances, either government funded or privately funded insurances. The Mayo Clinic is large not for profit operating healthcare provider and healthcare research entity. They provide a vast array of services in the United States from diabetes to cancer treatment and research. The Mayo Clinic has a worldwide reputation and standard that continues to receive accolade and awards. The Mayo clinic has received the Joint Commission’s Gold Seal of Approval. This award is given to organizations that demonstrate the highest dedication to improving and providing patients with best quality of care. The Mayo Clinic takes pride in being able to provide the highest level of care and to also maintain it. The Mayo Clinic has established a department to manage any infraction that may hinder its goal of achieving this standard it has set forth (Mayo Clinic For Patients, 2013). The Mayo clinic has to maintain a standard that is consistent with the reputation that they have established for themselves through risk and quality management. The Mayo Clinic has a compliance and integrity program established to reinforce safety. This program is put into place to monitor the overall business practices and to ensure they are being conducted with integrity. The program puts a ll policies and procedures under one chain of command so that they can be monitored and used as a means of communication for employees. The compliance office oversees the directing and receiving of reports, questions, and concerns about the care provided. The Compliance Office works with all department heads and stakeholders to ensure regulations and requirements are met (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). They also establish furthering education so that employees are up to date on current rules and regulations. The compliance office is open to receive any and all violations reports. The violations are investigated thoroughly. This program ensures that the company is able to provide statements in relation to its business practices, current and forthcoming law changes, and to protect itself and staff from any civil or legal issues. The integrity and compliance program applies to all individuals who work in any capacity at the mayo clinic from main stakeholder to students and volunteers. Workers are expected to report any violations that are suspected or otherwise known (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). The compliance program offers an open door policy and protects its employees from retaliation. The purpose for this office is to identify violations that are against company policy and the company and its employees to be civilly liable, and criminally liable. Each Mayo facility has a compliance officer on staff to ensure its compliance an d integrity program is being fulfilled. Compliance officers are responsible for investigating suspected violations. Each employee is required to take a compliance-training course to ensure that they know what is expected of them when they witness, suspect, or commit a violation. The compliance program further educates new employees on the standard in which Mayo conducts business. The current state of providing healthcare is ever changing and the Mayo Clinic has to stay one step ahead and ensure that their employees are properly educated in all aspects of healthcare laws (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). Abrazo recognized as 2011 as Best in Arizona by U.S. News and World Report, One of the Best in Phoenix, ranked #12 for the Arrowhead Hospital are a few of its great recognition as an great health care organization. The Joint Commission name Maryvale Hospital for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia and surgical care as â€Å"top Performer†. The American Heart Association and American Stroke Association awarded The Sliver Plus Achievement Award for 2012 and 2011 to Phoenix Baptist Hospital and the Arizona Quality Alliance awarded Arrowhead Hospital in 2012 for Excellence. Abrazo Health Hospital has done and continues to contribute the best qua lity care in the valley for its community. Maintaining a fact sheet that include Medical Group, Health Institute, School-Based Health Centers, an Emergency Center in North Peoria, and providing health plans for those who need help in these areas. Abrazo has also contributed to many charitable organizations in the Valley. Like the American Heart Association, Susan G. Komen, YMCA, Leadership Council, and many high schools. They continue to provide information to the community and continue huge amount of support to the American Heart Association, Community Education and Outreach, Fire Service Leadership Conference, Keogh Foundation, School-Based Health Centers, Susan G. Komen, Race for Cure, The Legacy Backpack Buddies, and the Valley of the Sun United Way. Abrazo Health is part of the Nashville-based Vanguard Health System who embraces non-profit health care systems and serves as a bridge for these non-profit organizations to connect, serve as a business partner to for-profit corporation. The Vanguard Health System and Abrazo Health continue to provide top quality care in affiliation with board certified physicians, nursing professionals and well-trained staff, all who were recognized by national organization that share the same values in patient care. Showing Distinguished Awards from American Heart Association, Arizona Quality Alliance, The Joint commission, and named â€Å"Best in Phoenix† by U.S. New and World Report, Abrazo leads in the healthcare industry with a fantastic reputation. Another organization’s risk and quality management that finds themselves in a unique situation between providing the best resources possible to the community and regulation is the Southwest Autism Research Resource Center. The Southwest Autism Research Resource Center, also known as SARRC, is a non-profit, community-based organization that conducts research and distributes information, as well as supports individuals with autism and their families. In 2009, SARRC conducted 250 training and orientations, as well as offered information and services to students and staff in 90 Arizona schools. All of the services they offer are of highest quality and evidence based (Sarrc, n.d.). Autism touches on a broad spectrum of conditions and behaviors. In order to provide support for this spectrum, SARRC performs and receives research from many doctors as well as developmental psychologists. Performance is monitored by how the varying levels of success the therapies have on developmental delays such as feeding, speech, and social skills. Autism touches on a broad spectrum of conditions and behaviors. In order to provide support for this spectrum, SARRC performs and receives research from many doctors as well as de velopmental psychologists. Performance ismonitored by how the varying levels of success those therapies have on developmental delays such as feeding, speech, and social skills. For SARRC, the main regulatory body that effects accreditation on research and treatment is the Arizona Board of Psychologist Examiners. By following the guidelines set by the Arizona Board of Psychologist examiners, SARRC will be in compliance and be able to perform at expectations above the high standards set by the board. They also have to make sure that they are following regulations set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of these regulations include the use of electronic records, protection of human subjects, informed consent, and specific safeguards for children. By continuing partnerships with doctors and researchers and following the guidelines set by the regulatory board, SARRC can focus on becoming the center of choice for those seeking assistance Autism spectrum disorders. This will help improve overall organizational performance. The most important part of an organization is to make sure everyone at all levels is working toward a unified goal. Some levels of the organization may have other compartmentalized goals, but overall the message should be clear. Leadership should set the expectations of all incoming employees, but all employees should have a way of giving feedback to leadership on how they feel the organization is progressing to its goal. Staff needs to know that without compliance and accreditation guidelines the organization cannot survive, much less thrive on the assistance it provides to the community. The goal is to have a majority of the staff believe in the direction of the organization and for the organization to listen to its employees. Compliance and regulation set the tone for risk and quality management systems in an organization. Certain aspects may help or hinder performance depending on the particular regulations set by the state. With the guidelines in place, quality management can gauge whether exceeding these standards would help the organization. Besides the level of service provided in quality management, risk management dictate that these actions are responsible from a fiduciary standpoint. Nonprofit organizations aren’t in it to make the big bucks per se, but they still are a business that needs to run and pay employees, facilities, and other services provided. Abrazo Health offers a broad range of medical services, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, mother and infant care, diagnostic imaging, and emergency service. Mayo clinic offers cardiology, diabetes, and neurology surgery. SARCC focuses primarily on autism research. Abrazo departments are strictly viewed by the board members to ensure safe and quality care is being provided. Abrazo has over 5,000 employees, 600 volunteers and 2,000 affiliated physicians, and are located all over the Phoenix Valley. The Mayo Clinic is somewhat nationwide with its main facilities in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. The Mayo Clinic staffs and employs around 61,000 employees. The mayo clinic also has a research department and an accredited medical school established to train medical professionals and student medical doctors (Mayo Clinic facts – 2012, 2013). Abrazo Health Hospital has five acute who are all accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC) who have accredited hospit al for more than 50 years. Arrowhead Hospital, Maryvale Hospital, Phoenix Baptist Hospital and West Valley Hospital are recognized as a certified Primary Stroke Center and are a part of the Abrazo Health Hospital. All three of these organizations are not for profit. Each facility has its own purpose and mission statement. Not all healthcare facilities are the same as they provide care in their own way established from their own standards and levels of care. Each has a common goal in providing the highest level of care in any treatment they provide. Each has the tough task of always having to update their quality and risk management goals to meet the demands of the public and reimbursement agencies along with maintaining their accreditations. Quality and risk management have to be proactive and stopping incidents before they start. Incidents cost organizations financially and in the long run take away from the level of care that they are trying to provide. References Abrazo Health. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.abrazohealth.com/home.aspx Integrity and Compliance Program. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/mcitems/mc2500-mc2599/mc2570.pdf Mayo Clinic Facts — 2012. (2001-2013). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/about/facts.html Mayo Clinic For Patients. (2013). Retrieved from http://health.usnews.com/besthospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-661MAYO/for-patients SARRC. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://autismcenter.org/about_sarrc.aspx - University of Phoenix Material Organizational Performance Management Table After you have completed your individual research on your chosen type of health care organization, collaborate with your Learning Team to complete this table. Then, refer to this table as you collaborate to write your paper. Include this table as an appendix to your paper. Fill in the necessary information in each cell, but be as succinct as possible. 1. Provide names of or links to specific organizations. Summarize key products or services provided by each type of organization and identify the primary customers they serve. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| MAYO Clinichttp://www.mayoclinic.com/The Mayo Clinic is a non-for-profit worldwide organization that is dedicated to medical care and research. They employee Doctors from all practices and utilize their expertise to work together for the better of the patients. The Mayo Clinic also has school for furthering education for medical professionals. They treat over a million people a year. Their mission is to provide care and let people care for themselves. They provide up to date information and methods for their patients and website | Abrazo HealthCarehttp://www.abrazohealth.com/home.aspx Abrazo Health offers a broad range of medial services, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, mother and infant care, diagnostic imaging, and emergency service. Providing new standard care and over 5,000 employees, 600 volunteers and 2,000 affiliated physicians. They are located all over the Phoenix Valley. | Southwest Autism Research Resource Center (SARRC)http://autismcenter.org/default.aspxSARRC is a non-profit, community-based organizations that conducts research and distributes information, as well as support for individuals with autism and their families. In 2009, SARRC conducted 250 trainings and presentations, as well as offered information and services to students and staff in 90 Arizona schools. All of the services they offer are of highest-quality and evidence-based. | 2. Outline the overall content of the major regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards that affect each organization. Provide the title, section, parts, or subparts or the numbering system and so on of the specific regulations or accreditation requirements. For example: Use of electronic signatures in electronic medical records is equivalent to handwritten signatures on paper; FDA regulation; Title 21 CFR Part 11, Subpart C,  § 11.200 Electronic Signature: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=11 Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic and its website are accredited through the Joint Commission. The Joint Commission overseas hospitals that receive Medicaid reimbursements. The Joint Commission has also accredited the Mayo Clinic in its Advanced Stroke Center. Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) has accredited Mayo Clinic for their inpatient rehabilitation programs.CEO Cancer Gold Standard Accreditation.Breast Clinic has received the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (NAPBC), a program administered by the American College of Surgeons.-Educational Accreditations Mayo Clinic’s College of Medicine, is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) which provides continuing medical education for physicians. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine designates these educational activities for category 1 credits toward the American Medical Association (AMA) Physicians Recognition Award.College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, has achieved Accreditation with Commendation – which is the highest level of recognition offered by ACCME.| Abrazo Health Hospital and the five acute are all accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC). The Joint Commision have been accredited hospital for more than 50 years. Arrowhead Hospital, Maryvale Hospital, Phoenix Baptist Hospital and West Valley Hospital are recognized as a cerified Pimary Stroke Center and are apart of the Abrazo Health Hospital. Also recognized as 2011 Best in Arizona. U.S. News and World Report, One of the Best in Phoenix, ranked #12- Arrowhead Hospital.TJC top Performer- Marvale Hospital for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia and surgical care. American Heart Association and American Stroke Association- The Sliver Plus Achievement Award for 2012 and 2011 to Phoenix Baptist Hospital.Arizon a Quality Alliance- Award for Excellence to Arrowhead Hospital in 2012. Abrazo Health Hospital have done and continue to contribute the best quality care in the valley for years. | Use of electronic records and electronic cignatures Title 21 CFR Part 11 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=11 Protection of Human Subjects Title 21 CFR Part 50 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=50 Informed ConsentTitle 21 CFR Part 50.25 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=50.25 Safeguards for ChildrenTitle 21 CFR Part 50.55 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=50.55 | 3. Highlight the effect of each organization’s regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards on the risk- and quality-management functions and activities. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic has a standard of practice, therefore they need the highest of accreditations. They have to maintain their level year round to not only their patients but also their employees. Risk management has to assess any and all possible issues that could cost the company money and loss of productivity due to fines, and employment turn over. Quality management has to ensure that all employees are up to date on education and changes in regulations and procedures. The accreditations aloow the Mayo Clinic to conduct certain researches and also certain procedures such as brain and cardio surgical procedures. Without the accreditation they would not be able to perform said procedure and therefore lose money. | Abrazo Health has 5 acute hospitals in the state of Arizona. Arrowhead, Maryvale, Paradise Valley, Phoenix, and in West Phoenix. Each providing a broad range of medial needs and working with the Arizona Heart Hospital and leading a great reputation in the cardiovascular department. Abrazo has been rewards on numerous occasions which has lead the organization to continue to provide great quality care all over the metropolitan area of Phoenix Arizona. Abrazo Health maintain a fact sheet which include Medical Group, Health Instutute, School-Based Health Centers, an Emerg ency Center in North Peoria, and providing health plans. Abrazo has also contributed to many charitable organizations in the Valley. Like the American Heart Association, Susan G. Komwn, YMCA, Leadershio Council, and many high schools., they continue to provide information to the community and continue huge amount of support to the American Heart Assoication, Community Education and Outreach, Fire Service Leadership Conference, Keogh Foundation, School-Based Health Centers, Susan G. Komen, Race for Cure, The Legacy Backpack Buddies, and the Valley of the Sun United Way.| Since SARRC is a non profit research organization located in Arizona, not only do they have to comply with non-profit laws but also the regulation of the Arizona Board of Psychologist Examiners. This board of examiners regulates how employees of SARRC are licensed to perform work with children and the education they need to keep licenses up to date. From a risk standpoint the board ensures that SARRC employees are li censed to give psychological treatment to children and to use safe methods. This also helps SARRC maintain high quality as the research techniques used exceed the Board of examiners qualifications as per SARRC programs (http://autismcenter.org/programs.aspx)| 4. Specify components of performance-management systems—policies and procedures, self-audits, benchmarking, complaint management, corrective or preventive action, education and training, communication, and other mechanisms—to be used by each organization. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic has a compliance department and employs compliance officers that ensure policies and procedures are being followed accordingly. Compliance officers investigate all forms of complaints and work with department directors and managers to manage investigations and look for ways to stop these issues before they start. Education is developed through past incident along with present and future policy and law changes.| Abrazo part of the Nashville-based Vanguard Health System who Abrzo providing top quality care in affiliated with board certified physicians, nursing professionals and well-trained staff who have been recognized by national organization who share the same value in patient care. Showing Distinguished Awards from American Heart Association, Arizona Quality Alliance, The Joint commission, and named â€Å"Best in Phoenix† by U.S. New and World Report, Abrzon leads in the healthcare industry with a fantastic reputation. | SARRC research led by Christopher Smith, Ph. D an experimental psychologist, uses collaboration between different methods and scientists to find the possible causes of autism. Since autism is such a broad spectrum and there is no pinpointed contributing factor, most of the research and progress in the field is experimental. Most patients go in with the understanding that Autism may not be something that is curable. Performance is measured by the proven research methods which are demonstrated to work the most effectively for the child which varies per child for the broad spectrum disorder.| 5. Provide links to any relevant sources that will be useful as your Learning Team completes the paper. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| http://www.mayoclinic.org/mcitems/mc2500-mc2599/mc2570.pdfhttp://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-661MAYO/for-patientshttp://www.mayoclinic.org/about/facts.html| | |

The Green Mile by Stephen King Essays -- Film Movies

The Green Mile by Stephen King Summary: John Coffey is brought to Cold Mountain accused of rape and murder. It becomes known that he has a healing touch. Paul Edgecombe, the superintendent, has sympathy for Coffey and later finds out that Coffey is indeed innocent, but can find no way to stop the execution. Coffey proclaimed that he 'wanted to go'; and thus allowed Paul to accept Coffey's fate as he must, and go on with his life. Central Characters: Paul Edgecombe, probably over 100, narrator, was the head of E block (death row) at Cold Mountain Penitentiary. Paul faces an internal struggle between what his job wants him to do and what he sometimes knows is the 'right'; thing. Kind and gentle, he recounts this episode of his life from Georgia Pines, his retirement home. John Coffey is a huge, muscular black man but is very slow in the mental sense, brought into a situation where death surrounds him, yet he has the power to heal by his own touch. Other Characters: Dean Stanton, Harry Terwilliger, Brutus Howell, and Percy Wetmore were all guards on E block. Percy was the most significant; he was a banty-rooster sort of guy. He liked to pick fights. He represented the fears of Paul Edgecombe. Though it is not obvious at the beginning, it becomes clearer as Paul ages. Toot-Toot was portrayed as a jester to lighten the mood of the story. His humor is what kept the other guards sane. Hal (Warden) Moores was the warden of Cold Mountain Penitentiary. Melinda Moores, Hal's wi...

Job Satisfaction Essay -- essays research papers

Job Satisfaction Do people really like their jobs? Definitely, everyone knows from the news about dissatisfied workers going on strike or even acting violently toward their supervisors, directors, but overall people are quite satisfied with their jobs. A Conference Board study found that 58.6 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs in 1995. By the year 2000, that percentage was down to 50.7. But in Uzbekistan (the country of Central Asia where I was born), people generally aren’t satisfied with their job. The reason lays in lack of job choices and payment. People do their job without any satisfaction because they have to earn some money to survive. I think that the main reasons why the people in Uzbekistan are not satisfied with the work they do are the absence of good knowledge of management in the organizations and corruption. As we got knowledge from the â€Å"Organizational behavior† course, we know that job satisfaction influences on employee performance within the organization and organization’s productivity in the whole. So let’s see what is job satisfaction and what factors can influence it. Job Satisfaction—is an individual’s general attitude toward his or her job, or the feelings, reflecting attitudes toward one’s job, are known as job satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Settings, related to the personnel job satisfaction and devotion to the company, are presenting special interest for the theory of organizational behavior and practice of human resource management. A discussion of the job satisfaction problem concentrates attention on the employees’ attitude toward their job, and a discussion of organization devotion –on the attitude toward the organization in the whole. What is job satisfaction once more? Lock gives a following detail definition of job satisfaction: â€Å" pleasant, positive emotional condition coming from your job evaluation or job experience.†1 Job satisfaction is a result of the very employees perception of the fact for how much their job provides important, from their viewpoint, things. There are three most important parameters of job satisfaction. First, job satisfaction represents emotional reaction for the situation lay at the office. It’s impossible to see it, it can be only experienced. Second, job satisfaction is defined often by that extent how much results of work correspond to expectations. For... ...h their job. The results of researches show that employees experiencing job satisfaction feeling with their job possess better physical and moral health, master faster necessary skills, more rarely suffer from industrial traumatism and come with claims. Another positive factor disclosed in one recent research is that employees satisfied with their labor more often demonstrate examples of pro-social, â€Å"civilized† behavior and deeds, for instance more frequent assist their colleagues and clients and in common exert inclination to co-operation.13 In the very whole overview researches occupied in a sphere of organization behavior equally with managers-practicians consider that labor contentment is very important for organization. Some critics notice that this statement still a conjecture, insofar, positive affect of labor contentment still little researched. On other hand, negative impact of labor contentment on organization is unquestionably acknowledged fact. That is why even if consider job satisfaction as a minimal claim, it represents a certain value for the whole health and efficacy of organization and, therefore, deserves study and utilizing in sphere of organizational behavior.

Communicable Disease Paper Essay

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. Acute HBV is less than six months and ones immune system is able to fight and clear the infection. Chronic HBV lasts longer than six months and ones immune system is unable to fight the infection leading to liver failure, cancer or cirrhosis. Occasionally chronic HBV can go undetected for years due to a person being asymptomatic (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Mode of Transmission In highly infected areas of the world, HBV is most commonly spread from mom to baby at birth or from person to person in early childhood (World Health Organization [WHO], 2013). The HBV is also spread via parenteral contact with infected blood or blood products, sharing of or accidental needle sticks and having unprotected sex with one who’s blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions are infected and enter your body (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of HBV may never appear or appear over a two to six month period. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and or sclera) (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Complications Having chronic HBV can lead to serious life threatening complications such as, cirrhosis, liver cancer, failure, hepatitis D infection or kidney failure. Liver cirrhosis occurs when HBV has caused inflammation to liver leading to scaring and formation of fibrotic cell tissue that blocks hepatic blood flow and cell function. This in turn results in overgrowth of new cells attempting to regenerate causing decreased liver function Liver cancer and failure can occur if a patient has cirrhosis due to being a risk factor (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Treatment Treatment of HBV is supportive. Care focuses on nutrition, hydration and comfort (WHO, 2013). For those who have been infected with acute HBV, may not even need treatment but only management of symptoms. Those infected with chronic HBV may need more invasive treatments such as, antiviral medications or need a liver transplant (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Antiviral medications are used to slow and fight the virus from destructing the liver. Liver transplants are an option if a patient has end-stage liver disease where traditional treatments have not worked and are a qualified candidate (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Demogrphics Approximately 60,000 people die every year from HBV (WHO, 2013). There are about 200 billion people living around the world with HBV with an estimated 1. 2 million living in the United States (CDC, 2013). In 2011 the United States was estimated to have 18,800 actual new cases of the HBV (CDC, 2013). Those who are at greatest risk for developing HBV are Asian and Pacific Islanders, African Americans, gay and bisexual individuals, those who have multiple sex partners and do not practice safe sex or are intravenous drug users. Gay and bisexual men make up 20% of new HBV cases and 50% Asian and Pacific Islanders are living with HBV (CDC, 2013). Most Asian and Pacific Islanders were infected with HBV as infants or children and 1 in 12 are living with it and are not even aware. Determinants of Health Environmental factors such as living conditions, social networks and social support systems are all key drivers for one becoming infected with the HBV. For example, a homeless person who has a poor health status, is uninsured, unemployed and has a lack of education is more likely to be diagnosed with HBV. Also certain races are more likely to be infected with the HBV, as stated above, Asian and Pacific Islanders make up 50% of the population living with HBV (CDC, 2013). In addition there is a lack of resources available to protect, improve and maintain one health due to the cost and lack of good health services to individuals with low socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, focus needs to be made on improving access to care as well as treating the environmental and social factors of health. Epidemiologic Triangle The epidemiologic triangle is used to analyze the natural history of a disease. It asses the agent â€Å"what†, host â€Å"who† and environment â€Å"where† (Maurer and Smith, 2013). The biological agent for hepatitis B is a virus. The host’s demographics can range from infancy into adulthood and any race is susceptible to the virus. The body’s defenses are more likely to fight off acute than chronic HBV. A person’s behavior as well plays a large role in one becoming infected. Those who are intravenous drug users or have a history of multiple sex partners are my susceptible to developing HBV. Environmental factors based on social and economic considerations could be direct person-to-person contact of bodily fluids via kissing or sexual intercourse or receiving contaminated blood products from infected individuals. Within the workplace, an individual could accidently prick himself or herself with a contaminated needle increasing their chances of becoming infected. Role of Community Health Nurse It is important for the community health nurse to educate and promote prevention of HBV. Teaching risk reduction interventions and strategies such as not having unprotected sex and using condoms can help prevent transmission of hepatitis B. For those who have already become infected with the HBV it’s important to provide timely referrals for sexual health related services to further prevent others from becoming infected. Making the hepatitis vaccinations more accessible and available is an effective way to prevent hepatitis B. Educating health and human service providers about hepatitis B promotes quality of care and awareness as well as reduces chances of transmission. Ensuring adequate resources are available (state and local surveillance) to accurately monitor disease trends, transmission and how effective treatment is can improve and ensure correct data collection. It’s also important that the nurse refers patients to accessible care and treatment facilities so that compliance can be obtained and the rate of transmission, morbidity and mortality can be reduced. National Organization The World Hepatitis Alliance is a non-profit international umbrella non-governmental organization that represents every region of the world with viral hepatitis. They raise awareness, reduce the stigma associated with viral hepatitis, work with the WHO and provide preventive care as well as support and access to treatment. Their goal is eradication of HBV and HCV. They plan on achieving this goal by having more countries with a complete hepatitis strategy in place, regional patient organizations in all WHO regions, on going support for global hepatitis groups, acceptance at a global level of HBV and HCV, increased alliance and a more diversified funding base for the alliance. Conclusion There are two billion people worldwide that are infected with HBV and more than 350 million are infected with chronic liver infections, which increases their risk of death significantly (Maurer and Smith, 2013). Fortunately, there is a vaccine for hepatitis B but it has not become easily accessible to those in developing countries. This is a virus that can be prevented if individuals are being educating on the causes and risks as well as ways to protect themselves. It is up to us healthcare providers to spread awareness and makes our patients more knowledgeable about the types of communicable disease in our world so that they can make healthy choices.

Enzyme Activity Lab essays

Enzyme Activity Lab essays In the investigation, a catalase and an enzyme whose occurrence is widespread in cells, particularly in liver cells was used. The catalase from a fresh calf liver was used. In this lab, catalase and H2O2 were combined under different substrate concentrations 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5% with two drops of diluted detergent. Measurements of the volume of O2 released during these reactions were recorded to determine the rate of reaction. The reaction rates of the enzyme in 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5% concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide were 1.56 mL/s, 1.54 mL/s, 1.01 mL/s, 0.56 mL/s and 0.23 mL/s respectively. When the liver was added in distilled water and detergent it did not react. It was observed in the lab that the optimum concentration for enzyme activity is when the substrate concentration is 6%. After the optimum substrate concentration is reached, the reaction rate levels off because as the substrate concentration increases the active sites get occupied with the substrate and there are not enough active sites to break down all of the Hydrogen Peroxide molecules. At this point virtually all the active sites are occupied so the active sites are saturated with Hydrogen Peroxide. Increasing the Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration after the point of saturation has been reached will not cause the rate of reaction to go up any more. When the substrate concentration is lower the reaction rate is slower. Enzymes function as biological catalysts, substances that speed up chemical reactions. Chemically, enzymes are proteins and their three-dimensional shape is important to their catalytic activity. Enzymes are highly specific in terms of the reactions they will catalyse. This means that literally hundreds of different enzymes are required to catalyse the many different reactions which take place in your body each day. The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is speeded up by catalase. Catalase functions to speed the breakdown of peroxides which ...

Free sample - Should local sales tax be increased or decreased. translation missing

Should local sales tax be increased or decreased. Should local sales tax be increased or decreasedContent of the problem Currently, taxes added on top of prices of goods or services that are purchased within a country are either being increased or decreased depending on the country. Sale tax is a consumption that is displayed as a percentage of the sale price. It is vital to assess sale taxes in every state, county or municipal level in order to determine the amount that is being taxed and can help in knowing whether to increase or to decrease. The biggest problem with sales tax evaluation is the state-local tax burden due to increasing population and changes in the tax policies is also another area that is supposed to be considered. In the past it was a bit different since most of the states’ population was not so high and thus it was easy to determine whether sales tax be increased or decreased. But as time has moved, this has been witnessed to have taken another different direction and the states’ population must be put into consideration since most of this has to determine the increase or decrease of sale tax in every state (Frederick, 315). Statement of the problem In the today’s world, employment has hit and most of the people graduate and do not get job and thus imposing sales tax on such people may deem to be the biggest problem. The tax imposed on property is also important on the other hand as it helps in ensuring that it is used in curing the budget. This is due to the fact that revenue gotten from corporate net is usually viewed as volatile, especially in cases whereby recession and therefore it will be unworthy to states to lean heavily on it. Even though the income tax increase helps in budget deficit, raising the income tax by even just 5% would lead to a drop on the tax Foundation’s Tax Climate Index. This may also lead to not having lower personal income tax in such regions.   This may also lead to the corporate income tax to drop even further. And also, in increasing the tax of corporate income may set a state an even bigger fall in the future and that is really a demerit. This paper will look at the barriers of sales tax increase and decrease since this is a tool that will in turn help in determining whether to increase or decrease sales tax in any state. This can be done through in co-operating some programs into the scheme of sale tax evaluation system. Research question Given that it is important to determine whether to increase or decrease the sales tax in any given state; there are a number of questions that must be put into consideration. Since sale tax is also important to the government, it is vital for the government to treat those contributing to tax revenue as important figures in the society. This in turn will make not to appear as a burden to those contributing to sale tax (Merriman, 21). Nonetheless, in order to gather the required information regarding sales tax increase or decrease it is vital to address the following questions during the research process: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How imperative is tax reduction or increase to both the government and the citizens? b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there some economy tax credit programs that can be employed instead of just increasing or decreasing the sales tax and how is it helpful to the common man? c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the purpose of considering change in tax policy and can this help in tax expenditure justification? d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the cautions for both tax increase and tax decrease?  Ã‚  Ã‚      Significance of the study According to research carried by Arnold in 2004, (228) in both the United States and the whole world at large it is vital not to impose so much tax on the common man as this will have tremendous effect in future, either positive or negative. Even though most citizens suffer from high taxation, it is vital not to increase the sales tax to the common man and impose tax on goods and services rendered internationally. This proposal aims at looking into ways in which sales tax can be imposed without causing any havoc to the common man and thus improves the economy of the country. This must also focus on developing a positive attitude to those imposing tax on property without experiencing state-local tax burden. This is important since it is used to determine how Tax Foundation yearly calculation concerning how heavy the state-local tax burden is for the population in any given state (Rodgers, 229). Objectives of the study Just like any incentive program, it is vital to look at the objectives, basically in numeric terms. This specifically helps in determining the final result such as increasing sales, or purchase by your reseller. Some of the objectives include:    i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obtaining a certain percentage of shares for a new product in its full year. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increasing the percentage of sales. iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the number of showroom displays in both local and international market. iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the number of people participating in product training programs.      Research Design and Methodology This research study will focus on both the quantitative and qualitative approach since it requires collection of data and carrying out of surveys in relation to the past sales tax estimations and calculations. Another approach will be the descriptive since it will require first hand information from previous research in order to avoid misunderstanding. Finally the research will carry our surveys by interviewing the concerned using semi-structured questioners.   Conclusion It is vital to look at the disadvantages and advantages associated with sales tax increase and decrease. This is likely to help determine which one is the most appropriate option. All in all it is also significant to understand the limitation of the research process since it can be applied as a cautionary measure before deciding on which way to go. It is vital to understand that fiscal problems should not be addressed by tax alone (Arnold, 229).    Work Cited Arnold, Raphaelson, "The Property Tax," in J. Richard Aronson and Eli Schwartz, eds., Management Policies in Local Government Finances, 3rd edition, (2004) p. 229 Frederick, Stocker. "Diversification of the Local Revenue System: Income and Sales Taxes, User Charges, Federal Grants," National Tax Journal, September (2006), p. 315 Merriman, David. The Control of Municipal Budgets: Toward the Effective Design of Tax and Expenditure Limitations. (New York: Quorum Books, (2001), pp. 20-23 Rodgers, James. "Sales Taxes, Income Taxes, and Other Nonproperty Revenues, " in J. Richard Aronson and Eli Schwartz, eds., Management Policies in Local Government Finance, Third Edition (Washington, DC: International City Management Association, (1997), p. 229. Sherwood-Call, "The Labor Tax as an Alternative Revenue Source," Proceedings of the Seventy-Ninth Annual Conference (Columbus, OH: National Tax Association, (2002), pp. 86-93

Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Essay Example

Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Essay Example Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Paper Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Paper Essay Topic: The Scarlet Letter Jeremiah Young Period-2nd 11/6/12 Chapter 8 At the beginning of chapter 8, Hawthorne brings back the main characters from the first scaffold scene; Hester, Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth; as well as representatives of the Church and the State. Also, that underneath the surface action, Hawthorne offers several strong hints concerning the difficult relationships of his characters. In Hesters pleading to Dimmesdale for help, in Pearls solemnly caressing his hand, and in the ministers kiss give you solid hints that Dimmesdale is Pearls father. Hester calls on her inner strength in her attempt to keep Pearl. She argues that the scarlet letter is a badge of shame to teach pearl a lesson and help her benefit from Hesters sin. However, Pearls refusal to answer the question causes the decision of the Church and the State to go against her. Now Hesters only appeal is to Dimmesdale, the man whose reputation she could crush. Pearl once again reveals her wild and passionate nature. In saying that her mother plucked her from the wild roses that grew by the prison door, she goes against both the Church and State. While such an answer seems intelligent for a small child, the reader must remember that Hawthorne uses character symbolism to present meaning. Pearls action brings back Hesters audacity on the scaffold when she refuses to name the father of her child. The dual nature of Pearls existence as both happiness and torture is restated in Hesters plea, and this point is taken up by Dimmesdale. The ministers weakened condition and his obvious nervousness suggest how terribly he has been suffering with his latent guilt. Nevertheless, Dimmesdale adds to Hesters plea when he states that Pearl is a child of its fathers guilt and its mothers shame but still she has come from the hand of God. As such, she should be considered a blessing. The minister argues that Pearl will keep Hester from the powers of evil. And so she is allowed to keep her daughter. Those powers of evil can be seen in both the strange conversation with Mistress Hibbins and also in the change in Chillingworth. As if to prove that Hester will be kept from evil by Pearl, Hawthorne adds the scene with Mistress Hibbins. While Mr. Wilson says of Pearl, that little baggage has witchcraft in her, Hester says she would willingly have gone with the Black Man except for Pearl. These evil powers are also suggested by the fourth main character, Chillingworth. The change noted by Hester in Chillingworths physical appearance, now more ugly and dark and misshapen, is a hint that in Chillingworths desire for revenge, evil is winning the battle within him and is reflected in his outward appearance. That Chillingworth is Dimmesdales personal physician and supposedly his friend gives him the opportunity to apply psychological pressure on the minister. Chillingworths comment on Dimmesdales strange earnestness and his statement that he could make a shrewd guess at the father suggest that he may already have decided on Dimmesdales guilt.

Political Reconstruction in the State of Florida after the civil war Essay

Political Reconstruction in the State of Florida after the civil war - Essay Example This Almost every page of his writing has quotes regarding either the price of something, or someone’s opinion regarding something. Although they are extremely useful, there are no citations and therefore while interesting and useful can not be referred to as a legitimate source. The maps and other inclusions assist with the overall theme of the book and give the reader more information than what is written. Brown, Canter Jr. Ossian Bingley Hart: Florida’s Loyalist Reconstruction Governor. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Although Hart was born long before the Civil War began, it was his attitudes and beliefs that spurred on some of the reconstruction shortly following the end of hostilities. As this is a biography a good part of the book is about Governor Hart, which is important in understanding how someone who was a loyalist was able to assist in the reconstruction. Hart following the war made an effort to support a Reconstructionist belief. I t is the author’s opinion that without Hart, the timing and intensity of the Reconstructionist movement would have been different. The book summarizes what Hart had to contend with in the state as well as among his own party members. This book is very useful in not only knowing about Governor Hart, but also his connections and how those influenced the future of Florida. This book has footnotes and additional information that aids to research of Governor Hart. Cobb, James C. Away Down South: A History of Southern Identity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. To be southern is to be different than those from different areas. It has its own culture, practices, and more importantly belief structures. The author using his upbringing as the staging point believes that he is in a unique situation to write the south. He is in fact from the south and can in his belief read between the lines of primary and secondary sources. Cobb pulls from leading historians on the reconstruction and how cultural identity it created to write something from a 1st person as well as from a 3rd person point of view. One major view point that Cobb is trying to convey is what â€Å"Southern Identity† is and how it is just as important as â€Å"Northern Identity† and how that needs to be explored. He includes citations of academic works. He also has a solid grasp on the information both written and what needs to be written. Cobb, James C. and William W. Stueck, ed. Globalization and the American South. Athens. GA: University of Georgia Press, 2005. Continuing on his theme of Southern Identity James Cobb teamed up with William Stueck to write about how the globalization of the world and specifically the United States is affected the south. While this book mostly centers on current economic structures and formation, there is a section on how the reconstruction following the civil war has influenced the growth of businesses and economy in the South. This is an edited wo rk so all of the essays are by different authors and speak to different issues. While most of the essays are informational and contribute to the understanding of Southern culture, what is interesting is that there is an underlying emphasis on how the new globalization is affected the black-white divide, and what that means for individuals in the south. Due to the varying authors, the citation styles are different, but this is an academic work that is useful for research. Davis,

Technology and Issues with Modern Communication Essay

Technology and Issues with Modern Communication - Essay Example e benefits of modern technology to an effective communication, there are also four words that pose challenges that we should think about – Communication, Ubiquitous, Consequential, & Complex†. Today, the internet and mobile phones are one of the mostly used medium of communication as it provides real-time messages to be exchanged, not to mention the affordability of doing so. However, we can see a paradigm shift in the kind of messages we now create – from detailed sentences to communicate as sending letters would always put pressure on enveloping the whole message before sending it out because of the time it will take to get to the recipient and the cost, convenience we now enjoy with modern technology makes us shift to a conversational way of communicating (Thomas, M.). Thus, most of the time, we fail to establish the story or the purpose of a message and go directly to the main point which somehow fails to deliver the point to a recipient. The next challenge would be the ubiquitous & consequential quality of modern technology. We all know that technologies that aid us to communicate are universal. Everyone now has easy access to it. However, one downside to this would be the fact that everyone desires to get a hold of the faster gadget available with more features for a better exchange of messages without really taking time to get proper education on how to use it. Thus, increased spending, not getting the most of a certain gadget, and at the same time lessened person to person interaction is diminished because of the proliferation of social media. Also, modern technology being deemed to be consequential to the quality of life has a strong tendency to be merely an object that describes a status quo instead of being used as an instrument to establish lasting and sustainable peer interaction, friendships, and successful business transactions. Lastly, as with great power comes great responsibility, one of the downsides of modern technology would be the

Accounting does not communicate reality, it constructs reality Essay

Accounting does not communicate reality, it constructs reality - Essay Example Accounting is a language of business through which the information is passed to the users of the financial statement. The users then can on the basis of those information can their own decision and plan of action. Thus it can be defined that accounting is not merely a method of keeping records but a method for taking decision on the basis of the information that is provided by accounting (Bion, 1968). An effective medium of communication is required by the entity handling its employees, clients, suppliers. Accounting is considered as an intrinsic an important element of the entity. Accounting helps the business entity in preparation of budget, reporting and also in recording of income that is required by the managers as well as others. There are different users of accounting which can be mainly classified as the external users that includes investors, taxing authorities, customers and creditors and the internal users that includes the management and the employees (Drury, 2008). Accounting mainly communicates variety of information to various parties that are interested in the information supplied by accounting with the help of different mode of communication such as by publishing of annual report, internet, social report and applying various mediums such as by adding pictures, charts, narratives, graphs. The accounting communication is considered as an important aspect as it provides a clear picture to the various things. Accounting communication is verbal as well as non verbal. Accounting communication is required for management accounting. The art of communication applied in management accounting is mainly backed by the need and demand. There are mainly two different ways of communicating financial information is Business Intelligence and costing data (Keele Management School, 2012). Accounting same as that of advertisement can be perceived as mythological and as a metalanguage in which the signs are used to explain the mythical meaning. Accounting

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales - Case Study Example A consistent revenue growth resulted in an augmentation of its total revenues from $4,247.2 million in 2002 to $9,316.6 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). The Company enjoys a highly diversified customer base. However, in the preceding years, the cash flows of the company plummeted from $947.5 million in 2005 to $903.5 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). There is no denying the fact that a few key acquisitions like Office Tiger, Banta Corporation, Perry-Judd's Holdings and Von Hoffmann has enhanced its customer base and product portfolio (Company Report 3). The newly emerging threats in the form of rising raw material prices, the current economic meltdown and technological advances have certainly influenced all the functional aspects of R.R.Donnelley, including marketing and sales (Company Report 3). The current sales activities of R.R.Donnelley are focused around pursuing a balanced strategy towards capital deployment, thus allowing it to maintain "investment grade credit metrics and substantial liquidity (Business Wire 1). Most of the new companies acquired by R.R.Donnelley had a much lower operating margin then what R.R.Donnelley managed to achieve after acquisition (Business Wire 3). The entire thrust of the company has been on retaining a strict financial discipline and ushering in innovative approaches for enhancing productivity that is expected to have a direct impact on the sales. Th The things are expected to improve even further in the times to come. The net sales in the second quarter of 2008 were $2.9 billion, an impressive 4.6% more as compared to the second quarter of 2007 (Business Wire 4). The company is also focusing on ensuring the right product mix and following a competitive pricing policy (Business Wire 4). In fact, R.R.Donnelley has managed to strike a significant sales increase in logistics services and a noteworthy volume augmentation in direct mail, stock products and digital solutions, though this was diluted to some extent by a slight fall in financial printing, commercial print and forms (Business Wire 5). The company is methodically resorting to evaluating the business performance and management effectiveness pertaining to its sales activities on a regular basis. The marketing strategy of R.R.Donnelley has been historically based on aggressive innovations, customization, acquisitions, consolidations and collaborations so as to furnish a consummate product portfolio to its customers. Besides, since the last ten years, R.R.Donnelley has been at the forefront of accommodating the latest technological options and innovations and to incorporate ecommerce accessibility portals to reach to a wide customer base. Such an approach definitely creates a brand perception of R.R.Donnelley being a versatile and techno savvy service provider extending highly competitive price options. This versatility and adaptability of R.R.Donnelley has enabled it to be a success even in today's trying times. Some salient examples of R.R.Donnelley's flexible and imbibing approach will certainly make things more clear. As far back as in 2005, R.R.Donnelley came out with its Pipeline (SM) Project Management and Tracking Tool that allowed its customers an enhanced control over their multiple pre media projects while marketing their products and services. Recently, in

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrasing - Essay Example The purpose of the loans could be for activities that generate income and to establish microenterprises. The delimiting factor for microcredit is its focus mainly on the creation of credit without regard for alleviating poverty and assistance to improve the plight of the poor. The service offered from microcredit puts clients from the low income group to be more apprehensive in availing of this option due to lack of sources for repayment and perceived risk in debt. Having identified the evolution of microcredit programs from the early 1970s, their success have resulted in increased schemes until the mid 1990s. Providers of this type of credit have offered this particular financial assistance concurrent with development agencies with the strategy of alleviating poverty for the marginalized poor. Eventually, large organizations in Bangladesh that offered microfinance schemes were recognized internationally and provided the impetus for the first international summit to be organized and globally presented. Advantage of Microfinance In a discourse written by Remenyi that necessitated the review of thirty independent studies from diverse institutions offering microfinance programs, a significant increase averaging 20% in borrowers’ income was reflected.3 Likewise, the author indicated that the presence of common variables that influence the borrowers’ ability to improve their income, to wit: taking into account their target market, the level of skills, gender, marital status, and available support from external sources. In a related research, there has been a reported positive impact on security perceived by borrowers when there is ongoing access to loans. The experience from Grameen Bank indicates that borrowers who continued to avail of microfinance credit eventually achieved sustainability in food and assets such as livestock and rickshaws. An improvement in economic status of the borrowers was tantamount to an overall improvement in living condition s and the ability to purchase real properties. Thereby, successful microfinance borrowers were proven to have gained substantial security that prevented them to liquidate assets in times of emergencies and disasters. 4 Likewise, amongst successful borrower households in several countries, expanding employment opportunities and increasing hours of employment per week have also been noted. Accordingly, some of the social changes in Grameen Bank villages impact positively on the community as a whole, particularly the increased visibility and mobility of women. One study found that a significant change in household and community status could be derived by women who maintained control of their loans. There were evidences that indicate women manifesting direct correlation between having money and increased status and recognition. There were trends towards resourceful women who learn to use the loans â€Å"to empower themselves†.5 However, some studies reveal that â€Å"†¦It c annot be assumed that disbursing loans to women means either that they use them or are empowered.† 6 Disadvantage of Microfinance In many countries, diverse studies show that targeting women in microfinance schemes is a direct challenge to cultural norms. Without parallel programmes which address gender issues, this has resulted in increased intra- and inter-household tension. There had been reported cases of

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales - Case Study Example A consistent revenue growth resulted in an augmentation of its total revenues from $4,247.2 million in 2002 to $9,316.6 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). The Company enjoys a highly diversified customer base. However, in the preceding years, the cash flows of the company plummeted from $947.5 million in 2005 to $903.5 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). There is no denying the fact that a few key acquisitions like Office Tiger, Banta Corporation, Perry-Judd's Holdings and Von Hoffmann has enhanced its customer base and product portfolio (Company Report 3). The newly emerging threats in the form of rising raw material prices, the current economic meltdown and technological advances have certainly influenced all the functional aspects of R.R.Donnelley, including marketing and sales (Company Report 3). The current sales activities of R.R.Donnelley are focused around pursuing a balanced strategy towards capital deployment, thus allowing it to maintain "investment grade credit metrics and substantial liquidity (Business Wire 1). Most of the new companies acquired by R.R.Donnelley had a much lower operating margin then what R.R.Donnelley managed to achieve after acquisition (Business Wire 3). The entire thrust of the company has been on retaining a strict financial discipline and ushering in innovative approaches for enhancing productivity that is expected to have a direct impact on the sales. Th The things are expected to improve even further in the times to come. The net sales in the second quarter of 2008 were $2.9 billion, an impressive 4.6% more as compared to the second quarter of 2007 (Business Wire 4). The company is also focusing on ensuring the right product mix and following a competitive pricing policy (Business Wire 4). In fact, R.R.Donnelley has managed to strike a significant sales increase in logistics services and a noteworthy volume augmentation in direct mail, stock products and digital solutions, though this was diluted to some extent by a slight fall in financial printing, commercial print and forms (Business Wire 5). The company is methodically resorting to evaluating the business performance and management effectiveness pertaining to its sales activities on a regular basis. The marketing strategy of R.R.Donnelley has been historically based on aggressive innovations, customization, acquisitions, consolidations and collaborations so as to furnish a consummate product portfolio to its customers. Besides, since the last ten years, R.R.Donnelley has been at the forefront of accommodating the latest technological options and innovations and to incorporate ecommerce accessibility portals to reach to a wide customer base. Such an approach definitely creates a brand perception of R.R.Donnelley being a versatile and techno savvy service provider extending highly competitive price options. This versatility and adaptability of R.R.Donnelley has enabled it to be a success even in today's trying times. Some salient examples of R.R.Donnelley's flexible and imbibing approach will certainly make things more clear. As far back as in 2005, R.R.Donnelley came out with its Pipeline (SM) Project Management and Tracking Tool that allowed its customers an enhanced control over their multiple pre media projects while marketing their products and services. Recently, in

Creativity and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creativity and Innovation - Essay Example ..6 6. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Introduction As a marketing advisor by profession, I have been contacted by Talent Management Team from Virgin Company Limited to advise them on how to develop and encourage creativity and innovative behavior in their company. Virgin Company is a service offering company and is mostly concerned with giving managerial services to other local companies that may need specialized services. The company has been in operation for a period of fifteen years and it has grown tremendously over the years. Virgin Company Limited has gained a substantial share in the market and is focusing on developing new markets in other parts of the world as part of its long term investment plans. Though the company is mostly concerned with offering its services in its local area, California, where it is based, it sometimes goes national or even international depending on the client’s needs. Virgin Company needs to understand what innovation really means and to what benefit would it be to them if they adopted such strategy. This report intends to address this concern and advise the talent management team on the strategies they can take to promote and maintain innovations that come up in their organization. Key word: Innovation which is the process through which a business idea is transformed into a good or service for the mutual good of the company and the customers. Issues to consider when creating Innovation When creating innovation, many factors need to be taken into consideration. It should be understood that any innovation that one need to up with must be economical in that it contributes positively towards the growth of the company. It must also be customer oriented and as such it must focus on the customer well being and satisfaction. When the customers are satisfied, greater financial returns are likely to be realized (Rouse, 1992). For the management to be able to know how to really create innovation, they must be aware of what are it they really need, for whom it will be developed and by whom and the circumstances under which the product will be created (pg 72). First, people are an important ingredient in the creation of innovation. Any innovation starts with creativity behavior and naturally, it is people who possess this element. People are talented in different ways and it is possible that some people will exhibit more creative behavior than others. One of the ways of identifying creative characters in a person is to focus on his skills, capability and general characteristics. This is the reason why when the companies want to hire new employees, they focus more on their academic qualifications and any past experience that they have had in related industry as the one they are considering for the job vacancy. This though, in my own view sho uld not be the basis through which the management should focus their innovation creation agenda. Many people in the world today are innovative not in accordance with their academic level but from the style that they show creative behavior in what they do. It should be considered that level of qualification can be improved through continued training and education but style is what is naturally occurring in people. Different people have different styles of doing things and when these styles are accompanied by the necessary support, they are likely to bring out innovations that may lead to great

Heritage assessment Essay Example for Free

Heritage assessment Essay Kizlik [2014] argues that the purpose of a learning objective is to communicate, and that a well-constructed behavioral learning objective should have little room for doubt about what is intended. Health professionals in designing educational programs to engage both patients as well as families, should be able to taper the task or objective to the specific patient and their family; for them to be able to explain what you taught them and for them to be able to demonstrate it. On the Euromed Info website, on Developing Learning Objectives. Retrieved from http://www.euromedinfo.eu/developing-learning-objectives.html/ [n.d.] state that â€Å"a simple and practical way of developing learning objectives is to start with the words, WHO, DOES WHAT, HOW and WHEN.† For the purpose of this exercise the learning objective will be for the patient and the family to be able to change an ostomy bag in a patient with a newly formed colostomy. It is important to find out from the patient and the family which learning styles work for them, example whether reading of pamphlets, one on one teaching or visual aids. Also the condition or ability of the patient to perform the task, e.g. is the patient strong and well enough to perform the task or are they too weak from being ill. In using the learning objectives cited above, WHO- will be the patient and family DOES- list the components needed WHAT-changing a stoma bag HOW – by performing task or stating how to WHEN- by discharge The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations [JCAHO] as cited on the Euromed Info website on Family Structure and Style, retrieved from [http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.html/] defines the family as â€Å"the person or persons who play a significant role in the individual’s life including persons not legally related to the individual. â€Å"How a family functions influences the health of its members as well as how the individual reacts to illness† retrieved from http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.html . In the light of this , having the family understand the rationale behind the treatment and steps on how to help the patient change this stoma bag will assist the  patient to be more confident in changing their stoma bag and also in dealing and coping with this new health change. REFERENCES http://www.adprima.com/objectives.htm http://www.euromedinfo.eu/developing-learning-objectives.html/ http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.htm

Reviewing Ibn Khaldun An Important Figure And Icon Religion Essay

Reviewing Ibn Khaldun An Important Figure And Icon Religion Essay Ibn-Khaldun is one of the most important figures and icons in the fields of History, Philosophy and Sociology in the Muslim history and culture. He opened new chapters in the world of history and played an important role in introducing new notions related to economics and the way of pricing, policing, profiting and other aspects of world economics. Ibn-Khaldun lived a life in search for stability and influence. His full name is AbÃ…Â « Zayd Abdu r-Raà ¡Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥man bin Muà ¡Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥ammad bin KhaldÃ…Â «n Al-Hadrami. He was born in Tunisia on the 1st of Ramadan 732 A.H. (May 27, 1332 A.D). He came from a family of Scholars and Politicians. His family was originally from Hadramawt in Yemen and had settled in Spain, but after the fall of Seville, they migrated to Tunisia where he was born. He received an early education from his father and memorized the Holy Quran at a young age. He was taught Hadith, Jurisprudence, Philology, Grammar, Rhetoric and Poetry in which he reached certain proficiency and received certification on. Ibn-Khaldun was introduced to Mathematics, Logic and Philosophy by the great mathematician and philosopher Al-Abili. Under Al-Abili Ibn-Khaldun studied the works of Averroes, Avicenna, Razi and Tusi which helped in widening up his horizons. At the age of 19 a terrible epidemic of the plague coming from the East hit Tunisia which ravaged the world and claimed many victims in the country, among which Ibn-Khalduns parents. This was the first traumatic experience in Ibn-Khalduns life, which had an undoubted influence on the direction of his thoughts. Due to this Epidemic Ibn-Khaldun wanted to migrate to Morocco with some of Tunisias Ulammas and Sheiks but was convinced by his elder brother to stay in Tunisia.  [1]   After the migration of most of Tunisias Ulamma and Sheikhs, Ibn-Khaldun decided to get more involved in the court politics by seeking a political career. At the age of 20, Ibn-Tafrakin (the ruler of Tunis) called Ibn-Khaldun to fill in the position of KÄ tib al-AlÄ mah. This Position consisted of writing calligraphy (the typical introductory notes of official documents). It is here when Ibn-Khaldun got his first hand look at the inner workings of court politics and the weakness of the government. In 713 A.H. (1352 A.D.), The Sultan of Constantine Abu Ziad Al Hifsy Marched with his army towards Tunisia in order to reclaim it back from Ibn-Tafrakin and restore its throne back to Banu Hifs. Ibn-Khaldun accompanied Ibn-Tafrakin with his forces in order to stop Abu Ziad. Unfortunately Ibn-Tafrakin lost the battle and Ibn-Khaldun Escaped to Algeria and settled in Biskra where he got married. During that same time the Moroccan Sultan Abu Enan who had recently settled on the throne after the death of his father was on his way to Conquer Algeria. On his way to join him in Telmcen Ibn-Khaldun met Ibn Abi Amr the Marinid Chamberlain (the appointed governor of Bougie), who welcomed him and invited him to stay in his new residence. After living there for some time Ibn-Khaldun was invited to join the Council of Ulama in Fez. Ibn-Khaldun was Officially Part of Sultan Abu Enan majlisu al-ilmi (literacy Circle) and afterwards was part of his secretariat. Ibn-Khaldun used his Stay in Fez to further increase his learning and studies, he writes, I devoted myself to reflection and to study, and to sitting at the feet of the great teachers, those of the Maghrib as well as those of Spain who were residing temporarily in Fez, and I benefited greatly from their teaching  [2]  . It is said that Ibn-Khaldun took advantage of the Sultans Illness and took part in a plot that aims to free t he former Sultan of Bougie Abu Abd Allah and to re-establish him to his former kingdom. Ibn-Khaldun himself Denis this and refers to intrigues, jealousy and malice; however whats certain is that he was thrown in jail for 2 whole years (758-9 A.H./1357-8 A.D.) until the death of the sultan Abu Enan. After that Ibn-Khaldun was set free and reinstated to his rank and offices by the vizier al-Hasan ibn-Umar. After being set free and gaining back his position Ibn-Khaldun started to scheme against Abu Enans successor, Abu Salem Ibrahim III, with his exiled uncle, Abu Salem. When Abu Salem became the Sultan he appointed Ibn-Khaldun to the office of Secretary of the Chancellery (kitabat al-sirr wa l-tarsil) and the repository of his confidence (Amin as-Sir). Ibn-Khaldun even became the court-poet  [3]  . When the Sultan Abu Salem was overthrown by his Vizier Omar, Ibn-Khaldun sided with the Vizier which helped keeping him in his post, but when Ibn-Khaldun wanted to gain a higher position, his request was refused (Probably because he wasnt trusted). This Refusal made Ibn-Khaldun angry which resulted in him resigning his position. Ibn-Khaldun then requested the Vizier to leave Fez and to head back to Tunisia which in turn was refused by the angry Vizier. It was then when Ibn-Khaldun asked the Viziers son-in-law to plead on his behalf to be allowed to go to Andalusia. In autumn 764 A.H./136 2 A.D. he finally obtained permission to withdraw to Granada. In Granada Ibn-Khaldun was deeply welcomed since at Fez he assisted the Sultan of Granada, Muhammad al-Ahmar, in regaining his throne and power after being exiled by his brother Ismail. In 1364 A.D. Sultan Muhammad entrusted Ibn-Khaldun with an important diplomatic mission to conclude a peace treaty with the King of Castile, Pedro the Cruel. Ibn-Khaldun successfully carried out his mission and was offered a position in Pedros service, Which Ibn-Khaldun respectfully declined. There was a great competition between Ibn-Khaldun and Sultan Muhammads vizier Ibn al-Khatib. Ibn al-Khatib viewed the relationship between Ibn-Khaldun and Sultan Muhammad with great mistrust. Few years later, Ibn-Khaldun was sent back to North Africa and Al-Khatib was accused by Sultan Muhammad of having unorthodox philosophical views and was murdered. In Africa Ibn-Khaldun was warmly welcomed by the Hafisid Sultan of Bougie Abu Abdallah who made him his Prime minister. During this Period Ibn-Khaldun was assigned to collect taxes from the local Berber tribes. In 1366 A.D. when Sultan Abu Abdallah died, Ibn-Khaldun allied himself with AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas, the ruler of Tlemcen. A few years later the ruler of Tlemcen, AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas was defeated by Abdu l-AzÄ «z who seized the throne for himself. Ibn-Khaldun was then taken as a prisoner by Abdu l-AzÄ «z until 1370 A.D. when he was sent to Telemcen by the new Sultan. After the death of Abdu l-AzÄ «z, Ibn-Khaldun resided at Fez, where he was patronage by the regent and enjoyed his confidence. In 1375 Ibn-Khaldun was sent by AbÃ…Â « Hammu (the Abdu l Wadid Sultan of Tlemcen) on a mission to the Dawadida Arabs tribes of Biskra. Thereafter, Ibn-Khaldun traveled back to the west of Algeria where he sought refuge with one of the Berber tribes and settled in the tow n of Qalat Ibn Salama. He lived under their protection for three years in which he wrote his famous Muqaddimah or Prolegomena (which is the introduction to his planned history of the world). In 1378 A.D He returned back to Tunisia, which was at that time conquered by AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas. AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas took Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n back into his service. During that time Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n devoted himself for his studies and for the completion of history of the world. He wrote, To live in retirement and devote myself exclusively to learning, if only I might be left in peace  [4]  . Ibn-Khaldun, s relationship with AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas remained tense and awkward, as the latter questioned his loyalty. In order for Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n to escape his awkward political past that kept following him he decided to leave the Muslim West under the pretence of going to Hajj (Pilgrimage) which is something a Muslim ruler cannot refuse Permission for, and on 24 October 1382A.D./15 Shaban 784A .H. at the ripe age of 50 Ibn-Khaldun left Tunisia and embarked on a boat sailing to Alexandria. During that time and under the Mamluks, Egypt was experiencing a period of economic development, high culture prosperity. But even when Ibn-Khaldun lived in Egypt he couldnt stay completely out of the political life and politics. In 1384 A.D. Ibn-Khaldun was made a Professor of the Qamhiyyah School and a main Qadi of the Malik School of fiqh (jurisprudence) by the Egyptian Sultan Al-Malik udh-Dhahir Barquq. Ibn-Khaldun tried to fight the Corruption and favoritism in the country but due to the Conspiracies that surrounded him he resigned his duty. His resignation coincided with the death of his family and children, when the ship carrying them sank off the coast of Alexandria in 1384 A.D. It was then when he took permission to go to the Pilgrimage to the Holy Lands of Mecca. After returning from his Pilgrimage journey in May 1388 A.D Ibn-Khaldun concentrated more on providing pure educational functions in the various Schools of Cairo. Moreover, in a certain time during a revolt against the Barquq, Ibn-Khaldun fell out of favor at the court. Later after that the relations with the Barquq returned to normal and Ibn-Khaldun once again received the Title of the Maliki Qadi. Throughout his life Ibn-Khaldun received this high title six times, which for many different reasons he never held long to. In 1401, under the Baquqs successor his son Sultan Faraj, Ibn-Khaldun took part in a military campaign against the Mongolian conquest and its leader Tamerlane. Accompanying Sultan Faraj, Ibn-Khaldun marched to Damascus where reports confirmed the arrival of Tamerlanes war Party. The young and inexperienced Faraj only stayed in Damascus for two weeks and returned back to Egypt leaving his army in Syria after concerns about a revolt in Egypt. Ibn-Khaldun remained behind in Damascus for another seven weeks where a series of Historical negotiations went between him and Tamerlane that Ibn-Khaldun mentions in his Autobiography. They Discussed Various Subjects that many where unrecorded. W. Fischel lists 6 specific topics which they talked about: Maghrib and Ibn Khalduns Land of origin. Heroes in History. Predictions of things to come. the Abbsid Caliphate Amnesty and security For Ibn Khaldun and his Companion. Ibn Khalduns intention to stay with Tamerlane.  [5]   After recognizing Tamerlane Intentions and impressing him enough that he asked ibn-Khaldun to join his court, Ibn-Khaldun returned back to Egypt with his final departing words to Tamerlane Is there any generosity left beyond that which you have already shown me? You have heaped favors upon me, accorded me a place in your council among your intimate followers, and shown me kindness and generosity- which I hope Allah will repay to you in like measures.  [6]   Ibn-Khaldun spent the next five years in Cairo completing his autobiography, writing his history of the word and acting as the Maliki Qadi. Due to various political reasons Ibn-Khaldun was dismissed and reinstated three times during these five years as the Maliki Qadi. In addition, Ibn-Khaldun formed an all male club called Rijal Hawa Rijal that attracted the attention of many religious authorities and placed him under arrest. Ibn-Khaldun Passed away on the 19th of March 1406 A.D. / 26 Ramadan 808 A.H. one month after being appointed for the sixth time for the office of the Maliki Qadi. During his life Ibn-Khaldun produced a lot of work and books some that was unfortunately lost. Ibn-Khalduns main work KitÄ bu l-ʆ¢ibÄ r was originally written as a history of the Berbers. Later on the Ibn-Khalduns focus widens and represents a so-called universal history in it. KitÄ bu l-ʆ¢ibÄ r is divided into seven main books; the first one is the Muqaddimah which can be considered as a separate work. The Muqaddimah or the Prolegomena was written in North African in 1377 and records an early Muslim view of universal history. The Muqaddimah also Deals with several topics and disciplines such as sociology, politics, urban life, economics, and knowledge. British historian Arnold J. Toynbee called the Muqaddimah a philosophy of history which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been created by any mind in any time or place.  [7]  Other than that, Books two, three, four and five cover the history of mankind up t o Ibn-Khalduns time, and Finally Books six and seven cover the history of the Berber people and Maghreb. Other works of ibn-Khaldun, LubÄ bu l-Muhassal which is a commentary on the Islamic theology of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and was written by Ibn-Khaldun at the age of nineteen in Tunis. SifÄ u l-SÄ I is a work on Sufism and was written by Ibn-Khaldun around 1373 in Fes, Morocco. ʆ¢allaqa li-l-SultÄ n, a work on logic was composed by Ibn-Khaldun during his time in the court of Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada. The British philosopher Robert Flint wrote the following on Ibn-Khaldun: As a theorist on history he had no equal in any ageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Plato, Aristotle and Augustine were not his peers.  [8]  . To Conclude, Ibn-Khaldun is considered an important figure and icon in the fields of History, Philosophy and Sociology in the Muslim history, culture and in the world. Ibn-Khaldun remains today a witness on the greatness of the Islamic thought distinguished by the accuracy, the scientific seriousness and the ability on the renewal to enrich the human thought. His Introduction is his greatest legacy he left for all of humanity and for the generations to come.

Essays --

New Technologies in Modern Architecture and Design â€Å"Technology† is a terminology which has just entered the contemporary literature of architecture. Despite the high significance and the widespread use of it, there is much ambiguity and inconsistency in the use of this term. It is certainly arguable that during the past decades, the world has been undergoing the most significant period of technological innovation and global restructuring since the first decades of the 20th century. Cities have always been centers of civilization and vitality that, through the years, have led to human progress through material and scientific advances. Globalization is now an unstoppable historical process led by technological change and involving the dissemination of science and new technologies. Rapid urbanization has only been made possible by the introduction of modern technology as a part of the development process. The use and application of modern technologies in designing and building well-lit constructions has a variety of definitions and interpretations. Indeed, architects contend that such uses of technology depend on conditions, background and the presumptions of the design and the location. The use of technology to design and build constructions with respect to their conditions and situations is considered to be a novel and particular concept in modern architecture. The accurate and appropriate use of technology can result in the creation of perfect and flawless buildings. Hence, the sensible use of technology along with the application of local civilization is the resolution to the current challenges in architecture. Complex construction and advanced building design require a mastery of structures and construction technology, and as ... ...theatres, complexes, restraunts, hotels and resorts, airports etc. The scope is so diverse in today’s times, that the aspects of Interior Design encompass all those contexts and more. This has led to Interior Design’s fragmentation into a variety of specialised micro-disciplines such as Traditional Design, Contemporary Design and Modern Design and further sub-divided into different categories like Residential Design, Office Design, Retail and Commercial Design, and Hospitality Design. What is Traditional Design? Traditional design often uses heavy, bold furnishings with rich earth tone colours such as brown, gold, or dark green. Traditional design is very ornate also, for example: claw foot chairs and embellished four post beds. Traditional pieces draw their inspiration from 18th and 19th century Europe. If you can picture it in a castle, it is likely traditional. Essays -- New Technologies in Modern Architecture and Design â€Å"Technology† is a terminology which has just entered the contemporary literature of architecture. Despite the high significance and the widespread use of it, there is much ambiguity and inconsistency in the use of this term. It is certainly arguable that during the past decades, the world has been undergoing the most significant period of technological innovation and global restructuring since the first decades of the 20th century. Cities have always been centers of civilization and vitality that, through the years, have led to human progress through material and scientific advances. Globalization is now an unstoppable historical process led by technological change and involving the dissemination of science and new technologies. Rapid urbanization has only been made possible by the introduction of modern technology as a part of the development process. The use and application of modern technologies in designing and building well-lit constructions has a variety of definitions and interpretations. Indeed, architects contend that such uses of technology depend on conditions, background and the presumptions of the design and the location. The use of technology to design and build constructions with respect to their conditions and situations is considered to be a novel and particular concept in modern architecture. The accurate and appropriate use of technology can result in the creation of perfect and flawless buildings. Hence, the sensible use of technology along with the application of local civilization is the resolution to the current challenges in architecture. Complex construction and advanced building design require a mastery of structures and construction technology, and as ... ...theatres, complexes, restraunts, hotels and resorts, airports etc. The scope is so diverse in today’s times, that the aspects of Interior Design encompass all those contexts and more. This has led to Interior Design’s fragmentation into a variety of specialised micro-disciplines such as Traditional Design, Contemporary Design and Modern Design and further sub-divided into different categories like Residential Design, Office Design, Retail and Commercial Design, and Hospitality Design. What is Traditional Design? Traditional design often uses heavy, bold furnishings with rich earth tone colours such as brown, gold, or dark green. Traditional design is very ornate also, for example: claw foot chairs and embellished four post beds. Traditional pieces draw their inspiration from 18th and 19th century Europe. If you can picture it in a castle, it is likely traditional.

Fear in Macbeth :: essays research papers

No Fear Fear motivates many people to act upon matters, right or wrong. This emotion has been important in many events in both works of literature, and in the real world. It has forced military geniuses into retreat, and influenced them to plan another method of attack. Fear can be both a positive and a negative acting force in one’s life, a quality that can motivate one to success as well as to downfall. In the play Macbeth fear was a major motivating factor in character’s actions. Macbeth was fearful of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done – this led to the murders that followed he killed King Duncan. Macbeth's actions were also partially driven by fear of the witches' last prophecy, about the line of kings spawning from Banquo. He was afraid this would come true attempted to prevent it from happening. Lady Macbeth was also plagued by fear as made apparent by the constant washing of her hands while sleepwalking and her speech during her troublesome sleep. Her fulfillment by the direst cruelty and pure evil has worn off, leaving her somewhat of a basket case, ridden by fear and guilt as a result of her actions. After Macbeth kills Duncan, he is too scared to even carry the daggers back into the king’s chamber. When the king’s body is discovered, he kills the two guards that were in Duncan’s room, and places the blame for the murderous deed upon them. His fear forces him to act this way in order to make him seem innocent. Macbeth’s fear of being caught acts as an indicator of his guilt; however at first none of the other characters are able to realize this. As Lady Macbeth becomes consumed by fear and guilt, she is slowly losing her sanity. This is a result of her not being able to handle what she has done to Duncan. In one scene, Lady Macbeth is trying to wash out what she sees as being blood on her hands, even though she is sleepwalking, though the doctor and woman in the room dare not blame her for anything, for fear of being accused and executed for treason. At the start, Lady Macbeth was pushing the fearful Macbeth to kill Duncan. Now, late in the play, their roles have reversed, and it is Lady Macbeth who is fearful, not her husband.

Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes Essay

An analysis of Langston Hughes’s poem Dream Deferred will reveal a significant commentary on the driving force in America today. It is undeniable that every one of us has dreams or goals that we want to pursue and achieve. Although all of us have their own little dream, this poem reiterates that in some cultures, it will be (and is) harder to achieve their goals. In this particular poem, Langston Hughes expressed his dreams and how they become during a hard time. The fact that he is a black man during the height of the African-American oppression, his ambitions and dreams was really hard to achieve—thus, he became frustrated. He expressed on how and what he really feels about a dream that he has had. Because he was succumbed under a great deal of frustration, he was unable to accomplish that dream. Each line in the poem symbolizes a typical moment in the author’s life. Furthermore, he was also very bitter about the conditions of his group because of their skin color. Hughes used many a great deal of simile in achieving his points. But perhaps the most powerful line in his poem is the â€Å"Or does it explode? †(Hughes) It is an influential conclusion of what could happen to a dream if they are neglected or is not pursued. In conclusion, this is a collective poem that articulates what could happen to dreams that left un-pursued even in times of struggles and oppression. This poem reflects the difficulties not just of African-American but moreover, it is also applicable to people (especially certain ethic groups that are discriminated) who experiences the same situation. This poem will never be obsolete. Works Cited: Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Dream Deferred. † March 2, 2008.

Difference Multiculturalism: Diversified, Not Unified

Multiculturalism connotes diversity in culture and society. In realization of the diversity in American culture, multiculturalism has its roots in the things that separate people from each other. Varieties of multiculturalism go in different directions; but whether radical or liberal, whether emphasizing power or weakness and the distinct contributions of each ethnic group, multiculturalism keeps coming back to its roots in the word â€Å"difference†. The ideal of diversity, the mixing of things up, spreading the wealth, creating a new concept of â€Å"us†, never quite ensued rapidly. In relating to racial, ethnic and sexual identity, multiculturalism carved out discrete areas of high visibility but kept those areas self-contained. Since the middle of the 1990's, dissatisfaction with this situation has been widespread, especially as the very concept of race has been forcefully called into question. Black may have been beautiful in the 1960's, and powerful in the 1970's, but it has also become increasingly viewed by cultural historians as a social construct, one fixed in place only by racism itself (Cotter, 2001). In fostering positive relationships across the â€Å"difference multiculturalism† reveal a classic problem of traditional American individualism. This means people come without a strong bond to the community the individual can pursue his or her own ideas and values without check by the views of other people. A multiculturalism rooted in difference exaggerates the individualist’s tendency to let one’s personal feeling become the norm for judging the rest of the world. Most people assume the correctness of their own views, and they find confirmation in their own experience. This is a universal human tendency, but one that needs to be somewhat reigned in for a society to survive. As it magnifies ethnocentricity, Charles Taylor criticized â€Å"difference multiculturalism† as he proposed a resolution of the conflict between the politics of universal dignity and the ethnocentric type of multiculturalist politics of difference. Parens (1994) believed that it is less a compromise than an attempt to compel ethnocentrists to achieve universal dignity. Rather than bestowing all cultures equal respect, â€Å"difference multiculturalism† risks essentializing the idea of culture as the property of an ethnic group or race; it risks reifying cultures as separate entities by overemphasizing the internal homogeneity of cultures in terms that potentially legitimize repressive demands for communal conformity As Henry Louis Gates has written, â€Å"mixing and hybridity are the rule, not the exception.† This way of understanding â€Å"difference multiculturalism† obscures the concept of hybridization by magnifying on differences, which clearly raises the same problems associated with the melting pot. Multiculturalism†¦is a theory (albeit vague) about the foundations of a culture rather than a practice which subsumes cultural ideas (Harrison, 1984). As a widely-scoped concept, the term is often used to describe societies (especially nations) which have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. This can lead to anxiety about the stability of national identity, yet can also lead to cultural exchanges that benefit the cultural groups. By including all differences, one cannot help but exclude those who do not respect the difference of others. Apart from its original concept, even multiculturalism must exclude. By acquiring the universal culture of willing universal laws, all human beings were to become included in the human family. Thus, cultural practices that emanate from some source other than our own; it has perhaps made us forgetful of the ineradicable character of exclusion and attachment to â€Å"one's own† in politics. In his analysis, Terence Turner (1993) cites the explicit use of culture in politics, he advocates â€Å"critical multiculturalism† instead as a means to avoid essentialist notions of culture embedded within â€Å"difference multiculturalism†. In this, Turner approvingly quotes Stam and Shohat (n.d.): critical multiculturalism, they say, â€Å"rejects a unified, essentialist concept of identity . . . Rather, it sees the self as polycentric, multiple, unstable, historically situated, the product of ongoing differentiation and polymorphous identifications† (Turner 1993, p. 418). Thus, as â€Å"difference muliticulturalism† magnifies differences through identity politics, â€Å"critical multiculturalism† seems to be a better alternative as it pluralizes groups and cuts across them, thereby encouraging diverse voices to participate in democratic debate. Works Cited Cotter, H. Beyond Multiculturalism, Freedom?   New York Times.  (Late Edition, East Coast). New York, N.Y., 29 July 2001, p.  2.1 Parens, J. Multiculturalism and the Probglem of Particularism, The American Political Science Review, vol.88, no.1, 1994. Taylor, Charles. Comparison, History, Truth In F.E. Reynolds and D. Trang. (eds.) Myth and Philosophy. Albany: NY, 1990. Turner, T. Anthropology and Multiculturalism: What is anthropology that multiculturalists should be mindful of it? Cultural Anthropology, 1993, Vol.8, No.4